Shloka 13

समुद्रमिव पर्यस्तं त्वदीयं तं बलार्णवम्‌ | दधारैको<<र्जुनिर्बाणैवेलेव भरतर्षभ

samudram iva paryastaṁ tvadīyaṁ taṁ balārṇavam | dadhāra eko 'rjunir bāṇair velā iva bharatarṣabha ||

Sañjaya said: “O bull among the Bharatas, your vast ocean-like host, though surging and spread out like the sea, was held back by Arjuna alone—checked by his arrows, just as the shoreline restrains the ocean.”

समुद्रम्ocean
समुद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
पर्यस्तम्overturned, thrown down
पर्यस्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-√अस् (पर्यस्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्वदीयम्your
त्वदीयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वदीय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तम्that
तम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलार्णवम्ocean of army/strength
बलार्णवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबलार्णव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दधारheld, bore, restrained
दधार:
TypeVerb
Root√धृ
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular
एकःalone, single
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्जुनिःArjuna (descendant of Arjuna)
अर्जुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बाणैःwith arrows
बाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबाण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वेलाshore, boundary (coastline)
वेला:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेला
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
A
Arjuna
K
Kaurava army (tvadīya bala)
A
arrows (bāṇa)
O
ocean (samudra)
S
shoreline/boundary (velā)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses the ocean-and-shore metaphor to highlight that even an overwhelming force can be ethically and strategically checked by disciplined skill and steadfast resolve; power without right direction meets limits, while focused effort can establish a boundary against chaos.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the Kaurava host, vast like an ocean, was nonetheless held back by Arjuna alone, whose arrows functioned like a shoreline that prevents the sea from overrunning the land.