Shloka 74

Devanagari script

एते हाहाकृता: सर्वे प्रगृुहीतशरासना: । वीरं द्रौणायनिं वीरा: सर्वतः पर्यवारयन्‌

Transliteration

ete hāhākṛtāḥ sarve pragṛhītaśarāsanāḥ | vīraṃ drauṇāyaniṃ vīrāḥ sarvataḥ paryavārayan |

Translation

Sañjaya said: All those warriors, crying out in alarm, with bows and arrows readied in their hands, surrounded the heroic son of Droṇa on every side—closing in upon him as the battle’s fury and fear rose together.

Word by Word

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• हाहाकृताः: crying 'hā hā' / lamenting
• हाहाकृताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हाहाकृत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रगृहीत: seized/held
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-ग्रह्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• शरासनाः: bowmen (lit. those with bows)
• शरासनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरासन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वीरम्: the hero
• वीरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• द्रौणायनिम्: Drauṇāyani (son of Droṇa, i.e., Aśvatthāman)
• द्रौणायनिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रौणायनि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• वीराः: heroes/warriors
• वीराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वतः: on all sides / from every direction
• सर्वतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सर्वतः

• पर्यवारयन्: surrounded/encircled
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√वृ (वरणे)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Drauṇāyani (Aśvatthāmā, son of Droṇa)
• warriors (vīrāḥ)
• bows and arrows (śarāsana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the psychological truth of war: even great warriors can be driven to alarm and tumult, yet they still act according to their martial role—readying weapons and forming a coordinated encirclement. It implicitly contrasts inner agitation (hāhā-kṛta) with outward discipline (weapons held ready).

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that the assembled fighters, shouting in alarm, grasp their bows and arrows and surround Drauṇāyani (Aśvatthāmā) from all directions, indicating a tactical move to contain or overwhelm him.