Shloka 40
Devanagari script
पितामहं रणे हत्वा मन्यसे धर्ममात्मन: । मया शत्रौ हते कस्मात् पापे धर्म न मन््यसे
Transliteration
pitāmahaṃ raṇe hatvā manyase dharmam ātmanaḥ | mayā śatrau hate kasmāt pāpe dharma na manyase ||
Translation
Dhṛṣṭadyumna said: “After slaying the grandsire in battle, you consider yourself to be acting in accordance with dharma. Why then, when I have slain an enemy, do you not regard that same act as dharma, but as sin?”
Word by Word
पितामहम्the grandsire (Bhīṣma)
पितामहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हत्वाhaving slain
हत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
मन्यसेyou think/consider
मन्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Second, Singular
धर्मम्righteousness/dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof yourself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormFirst, Instrumental, Singular
शत्रौwhen/with regard to the enemy
शत्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हतेbeing slain/when slain
हते:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Locative, Singular
कस्मात्from what reason?/why?
कस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
पापेin/with regard to sin
पापे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma/righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
मन्यसेyou think/consider
मन्यसे:
TypeVerb
Rootमन् (मन्यते)
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Second, Singular
Speaker
धष्टहुम्न उवाच
Characters & Entities
D
DhṛṣṭadyumnaB
Bhīṣma (pitāmaha)E
enemy (śatru)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes