Shloka 30
न ज्ञायन्ते कौरवेया न पञ्चाला न पाण्डवा:
na jñāyante kauraveyā na pañcālā na pāṇḍavāḥ
Sañjaya said: In that turmoil, neither the Kauravas nor the Pañcālas nor the Pāṇḍavas could be clearly recognized—friend and foe alike were indistinguishable. The verse underscores how war’s confusion erodes discernment and makes righteous conduct harder to uphold amid dust, noise, and fear.
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights that in the chaos of battle, clear recognition and discrimination collapse; this loss of clarity becomes an ethical danger, since dharma depends on right discernment even under pressure.
Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the fighting has become so confused that the Kauravas, Pañcālas, and Pāṇḍavas cannot be readily identified—suggesting a melee where formations break and visibility and certainty are lost.