Shloka 20

Devanagari script

आपतत्सु च वेगेन वध्यमाने बले5पि च । विगाढायां रजन्यां च राजा दैन्यं परं गत:,संजयने कहा--राजन्‌! जब रातमें कर्णके द्वारा राक्षस घटोत्कच मारा गया, आपके सैनिक हर्षमें भरकर युद्धकी इच्छासे गर्जना करते हुए वेगपूर्वक आक्रमण करने लगे तथा पाण्डव-सेना मारी जाने लगी, उस समय प्रगाढ़ रजनीमें राजा युधिष्ठिर अत्यन्त दीन एवं दुःखी हो गये

Transliteration

āpatatsu ca vegena vadhyamāne bale 'pi ca | vigāḍhāyāṃ rajanyāṃ ca rājā dainyaṃ paraṃ gataḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: “O King, as the warriors rushed in with great speed, and even as the army was being cut down, in that deep and dark night the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) fell into extreme despondency.”

Word by Word

• आपतत्सु: while (they were) rushing/attacking
• आपतत्सु: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आपत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक: आपतत्)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वेगेन: with speed/force
• वेगेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• वध्यमाने: when (it was) being slain
• वध्यमाने: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वध्यमान (वध् + य + मान; कर्मणि वर्तमान कृदन्त)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• बले: in the army/force
• बले: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• अपि: even/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• विगाढायाम्: when (it was) deep/dense
• विगाढायाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विगाढा
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• रजन्याम्: in the night
• रजन्याम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजनी
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दैन्यम्: dejection/misery
• दैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• परम्: supreme/utter
• परम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• गतः: went/attained
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (कृदन्त: गत)
• Form: Perfective (past participle used as finite sense), 3rd, Singular, Active (kartari usage)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address 'O King')
• Yudhiṣṭhira (as 'rājā')
• Army/forces (bala)
• Night (rajanī)