Shloka 37

Devanagari script

अथ दुर्योधनो राजा दृष्टवा हतमलायुधम्‌ । बभूव परमोद्विग्न: सह सैन्येन भारत,भारत! अलायुधको मारा गया देख सेनासहित राजा दुर्योधन अत्यन्त उद्विग्न हो उठा

Transliteration

atha duryodhano rājā dṛṣṭvā hatam alāyudham | babhūva paramodvignaḥ saha sainyena bhārata ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then King Duryodhana, seeing Alāyudha slain, became intensely shaken and anxious—he and his forces alike, O descendant of Bharata. The fall of a powerful ally in the midst of battle signals a moral and strategic crisis: fear spreads through an army when its champions fall, and the king’s agitation reveals how fragile confidence becomes when violence turns back upon one’s own side.

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• हतम्: slain
• हतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अलायुधम्: Alayudha
• अलायुधम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अलायुध
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• बभूव: became
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• परम: exceedingly
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उद्विग्नः: agitated, distressed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उद्विग्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• सैन्येन: with the army
• सैन्येन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• भारत: O Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• भारत: O Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• Alāyudha
• Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
• Kaurava army