Shloka 40

Devanagari script

तदुग्रमतिरौद्रं च दृष्टवा युद्ध नराधिप

Transliteration

tad ugramatiraudraṃ ca dṛṣṭvā yuddha narādhipa

Translation

Sañjaya said: O king, having beheld that battle—fierce in intent and terrible in its violence—(the warriors were shaken), for such a sight reveals how quickly wrath and resolve can eclipse restraint and dharma in war.

Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उग्रम्: fierce
• उग्रम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अति: exceedingly/very
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति

• रौद्रम्: terrible, wrathful
• रौद्रम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रौद्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• नराधिप: O king (lord of men)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नराधिप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• narādhipa (the king, i.e., Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• yuddha (the battle/war)