Shloka 46

Droṇa’s Withdrawal, Death, and the Kaurava Rout (द्रोणनिधन-प्रसङ्गः)

Devanagari script

तमसा संवृते चैव समन्ताद्‌ विप्रदुद्रुवु: । उन महारथियोंद्वारा उस अन्धकाराच्छन्न प्रदेशमें सब ओरसे मारी जाती हुई सेनाएँ चारों ओर भागने लगीं

Transliteration

tamasa saṁvṛte caiva samantād vipradudruvuḥ |

Translation

Sañjaya said: When the region was enveloped in darkness, the troops—struck down on every side by those great chariot-warriors—broke formation and fled in all directions. The scene underscores how, in war, fear and confusion can swiftly dissolve discipline, and how overwhelming force can drive armies into panic rather than principled resistance.

Word by Word

• तमसा: by darkness
• तमसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• संवृते: when/where (it was) covered/enveloped
• संवृते: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + वृ (वृञ् आवरणे)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• समन्तात्: on all sides/from every direction
• समन्तात्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्तात्

• विप्रदुद्रुवुः: they fled/ran away
• विप्रदुद्रुवुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + प्र + द्रु (द्रु गतौ)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Third, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• mahārathis (great chariot-warriors)
• armies/troops (senā)