Shloka 4

Devanagari script

ततः समभवद्‌ युद्धमतीव भयवर्धनम्‌ | त्वदीयानां परेषां च घोरं विजयकाड्क्षिणाम्‌,फिर तो विजयकी अभिलाषा रखनेवाले आपके और शत्रुपक्षके सैनिकोंमें अत्यन्त भंयकर घोर युद्ध छिड़ गया

Transliteration

tataḥ samabhavad yuddham atīva bhayavardhanam | tvadīyānāṃ pareṣāṃ ca ghoraṃ vijayakāṅkṣiṇām ||

Translation

Sanjaya said: Then there arose a battle—exceedingly fear-increasing—terrible on both sides, as your warriors and the opposing host, all longing for victory, clashed with grim resolve. The verse underscores how the thirst for triumph intensifies violence and dread, drawing both parties into a mutually destructive escalation.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्)
• Form: अव्यय

• समभवत्: arose, happened
• समभवत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• युद्धम्: battle, war
• युद्धम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अतीव: exceedingly, very
• अतीव: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतीव
• Form: अव्यय

• भयवर्धनम्: fear-increasing, terror-augmenting
• भयवर्धनम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भयवर्धन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• त्वदीयानाम्: of your (people)
• त्वदीयानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्वदीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (सामान्यतः), षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• परेषाम्: of the others, of the enemies
• परेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (सामान्यतः), षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय

• घोरम्: terrible, dreadful
• घोरम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: घोर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• विजयकाङ्क्षिणाम्: of those desiring victory
• विजयकाङ्क्षिणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विजयकाङ्क्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (सामान्यतः), षष्ठी, बहुवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address 'tvadīyānām')
• Kaurava army (tvadīyāḥ)
• Pandava/opposing army (pare)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights a moral-psychological truth: when both sides become fixated on victory, conflict escalates into a fear-amplifying, ruthless struggle. It implicitly warns that victory-lust can eclipse restraint (dharma) and magnify collective suffering.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a fierce battle has erupted between the Kaurava forces ('yours') and the opposing army. Both sides are portrayed as intent on winning, and the immediate consequence is an intensely terrifying clash.