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Shloka 53

अलंबलवधः (Alaṃbala-vadhaḥ) / The Slaying of Alaṃbala and the Advance toward Karṇa

तयोर्दृष्टवा महाराज कर्म सम्मूढचेतस: । सर्वे च समपश्यन्त तद्‌ युद्धमतिमानुषम्‌

tayor dṛṣṭvā mahārāja karma sammūḍha-cetasaḥ | sarve ca samapaśyanta tad yuddham atimānuṣam ||

Sañjaya said: “O great king, on seeing those two, all the warriors’ minds were thrown into confusion about what ought to be done. And everyone beheld that battle as something beyond ordinary human measure.”

तयोःof those two
तयोः:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, dual
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
कर्मdeed; action
कर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
सम्मूढचेतसःthose whose minds were utterly bewildered
सम्मूढचेतसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्मूढचेतस्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootसर्व
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समपश्यन्saw; beheld
समपश्यन्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + पश्य्
Formimperfect (लङ्), 3rd, plural, parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
युद्धम्battle; fight
युद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अतिमानुषम्superhuman; beyond human
अतिमानुषम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिमानुष
Formneuter, accusative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'mahārāja')
T
those two combatants (unnamed in this verse)

Educational Q&A

In moments of overwhelming violence and extraordinary prowess, even seasoned people can lose clarity about right action (karma). The verse highlights the ethical disorientation that war can produce, and the need for steadiness of judgment amid awe and fear.

Sañjaya reports to the king that, as two formidable fighters confronted each other, the onlookers were stunned and mentally unsettled, witnessing the duel as ‘superhuman’ in intensity and scale.