Shloka 34

अध्याय १४८ — कर्णप्रभावः, धृष्टद्युम्नस्य विरथता, तथा घटोत्कच-आह्वानम्

Chapter 148: Karṇa’s Pressure, Dhṛṣṭadyumna Unhorsed, and the Summoning of Ghaṭotkaca

Devanagari script

रथोडुपशताकीर्णा हयसंघातरोधसम्‌ | रथचक्रयुगेषाक्षकूबरैरतिदुर्गमाम्‌

Transliteration

rathoḍupaśatākīrṇā haya-saṅghāta-rodhasam | ratha-cakra-yugeṣākṣa-kūbarair ati-durgamām

Translation

Sañjaya said: The field was choked with countless chariots—like boats crowding a waterway—and its passages were blocked by dense masses of horses. With chariot-wheels, yokes, axles, and poles strewn and jammed together, it had become exceedingly hard to traverse—an image of war’s chaos, where human intent and dharma are tested amid crushing congestion and confusion.

Word by Word

• रथ: chariot
• रथ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, N/A (compound member), N/A

• उडुप: boat
• उडुप: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उडुप
• Form: Neuter, N/A (compound member), N/A

• शत: hundred
• शत: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत
• Form: Neuter, N/A (compound member), N/A

• आकीर्णा: strewn, filled, covered
• आकीर्णा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ-कीर्ण (√कॄ/किर्)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• हय: horse
• हय: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय
• Form: Masculine, N/A (compound member), N/A

• संघात: mass, throng, dense cluster
• संघात: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: संघात
• Form: Masculine, N/A (compound member), N/A

• रोधसम्: obstruction, barrier
• रोधसम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रोधस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• रथ: chariot
• रथ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, N/A (compound member), N/A

• चक्र: wheel
• चक्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्र
• Form: Neuter, N/A (compound member), N/A

• युगेषु: in the yokes/pairs
• युगेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युग
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• अक्ष: axle
• अक्ष: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ष
• Form: Masculine, N/A (compound member), N/A

• कूबरैः: with poles/drawbars (of chariots)
• कूबरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कूबर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• अति: exceedingly, very
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति
• Form: true

• दुर्गमाम्: hard to pass, impassable
• दुर्गमाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्गम
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• chariots
• horses
• chariot-wheels
• yokes
• axles
• chariot-poles (īṣā/kūbara)