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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 143: Nocturnal duels—Nākuli and Citraseṇa; Vṛṣasena’s assault; Duḥśāsana vs Prativindhya

बहूनेकरथेनाजौ योधयित्वा महारथान्‌ | आचार्यप्रमुखान्‌ पार्थ प्रयात्येष स सात्यकि:,'पार्थ! युद्धस्थलमें द्रोणाचार्य आदि बहुत-से महारथियोंके साथ एकमात्र रथकी सहायतासे युद्ध करके यह सात्यकि इधर आ रहा है

bahūneka-rathenājau yodhayitvā mahā-rathān | ācārya-pramukhān pārtha prayāty eṣa sa sātyakiḥ ||

Sanjaya said: “O Partha, having fought in the battle against many great chariot-warriors—chief among them the preceptor (Drona)—with only a single chariot as his support, that Satyaki is now coming this way.”

बहून्many
बहून्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एक-रथेनwith a single chariot
एक-रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootएकरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अजौin battle
अजौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअज
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
योधयित्वाhaving fought / having engaged in battle
योधयित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formत्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
महारथान्great chariot-warriors
महारथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आचार्य-प्रमुखान्with the preceptor (Drona) as foremost
आचार्य-प्रमुखान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआचार्यप्रमुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पार्थO Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रयातिcomes / proceeds
प्रयाति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-या
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःthat (same) / he
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सात्यकिःSatyaki
सात्यकिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसात्यकि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
P
Partha (Arjuna)
S
Satyaki (Yuyudhana)
D
Dronacharya
M
mahārathas (great chariot-warriors)
R
ratha (chariot)
B
battlefield

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights steadfast courage and loyal service in a righteous cause: Satyaki, though supported by only one chariot, confronts numerous elite warriors led by Drona. It underscores the Kshatriya ideal of perseverance and duty amid overwhelming odds.

Sanjaya reports to Dhritarashtra that Satyaki has already battled many great warriors, including Drona’s forces, and is now advancing toward Arjuna’s side (addressed as Partha). It marks Satyaki’s successful push through formidable opposition.