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Shloka 19

अन्धकार-रजःसंमूढे रणाङ्गणे प्रदीपप्रकाशः | Illumination of the Army in Darkness and Dust

त्वरध्वं सर्वतो यत्ता राधेयस्य रथं प्रति । ततस्तव सुता राजन श्र॒त्वा क्षातुर्वचो द्रुतम्‌

tvaradhvaṃ sarvato yattā rādheyasya rathaṃ prati | tatastava sutā rājan śrutvā kṣātuḥ vaco drutam ||

Sañjaya said: “Hurry—press forward from every side toward the chariot of Rādheya (Karna). Then, O king, your sons, having swiftly heard the charioteer’s urgent words, moved to act at once.”

त्वरध्वम्hasten (you all)!
त्वरध्वम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्वर् (धातु)
FormLoṭ, Parasmaipada, Madhyama, Bahuvacana
सर्वतःfrom all sides / on all sides
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः
यत्ताःstriving / exerting (ones)
यत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPum, Prathama, Bahuvacana
राधेयस्यof Rādheya (Karna)
राधेयस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराधेय
FormPum, Ṣaṣṭhī, Eka
रथम्chariot
रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormPum, Dvitīyā, Eka
प्रतिtowards
प्रति:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
ततःthen / thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तवyour
तव:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Ṣaṣṭhī, Eka
सुताःsons
सुताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormPum, Prathama, Bahuvacana
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormPum, Sambodhana, Eka
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
Kriya-viseshana
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (Absolutive)
क्षातुःof the charioteer
क्षातुः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootक्षातृ
FormPum, Ṣaṣṭhī, Eka
वचःwords / speech
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNapum, Dvitīyā, Eka
द्रुतम्quickly
द्रुतम्:
Kriya-viseshana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्रुत

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
K
Kaurava sons (tava sutāḥ)
R
Rādheya (Karṇa)
K
Karṇa’s chariot (ratha)
C
Charioteer (kṣātuḥ)

Educational Q&A

In the battlefield setting, the verse highlights disciplined responsiveness: when a clear directive is given in a crisis, coordinated effort and prompt action become decisive. Ethically, it reflects the kṣatriya-world emphasis on duty, readiness, and collective execution of strategy.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that an urgent command is issued to rush from all sides toward Karṇa’s chariot. Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s sons hear the charioteer’s words and immediately prepare to act, indicating a rapid tactical movement around Karṇa.