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Shloka 48

Irāvān-nidhana-anantaraṃ Ghaṭotkaca-nādaḥ

After Irāvān’s fall: Ghaṭotkaca’s roar and the clash with Duryodhana

निष्ठानको महानासीत्‌ तव सैन्यस्य मारिष । यदर्जुनो रणे क्रुद्ध: संयातस्तावकान्‌ प्रति,आर्य! रणभूमिमें क्रुद्ध हुए अर्जुन आपके सैनिकोंकी ओर जाने लगे, उस समय आपकी सेनामें बड़े जोरसे हाहाकार होने लगा

niṣṭānako mahān āsīt tava sainyasya māriṣa | yad arjuno raṇe kruddhaḥ saṃyātas tāvakān prati ||

Sañjaya said: O venerable one, a great panic and tumult arose in your army when Arjuna, inflamed with wrath on the battlefield, advanced to engage your warriors. The verse underscores how the moral force and resolve of a righteous combatant can shake an opposing host, revealing the fragility of confidence when confronted by determined valor.

निष्ठानकःtumult, uproar (hue and cry)
निष्ठानकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिष्ठानक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तवof you, your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
सैन्यस्यof the army
सैन्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
मारिषO venerable sir
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यत्when/that (introducing the clause)
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्रुद्धःangry
क्रुद्धः:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संयातःadvanced, went forth, engaged
संयातः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-या
Formक्त (past passive participle, used actively), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तावकान्your (men), your side's
तावकान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रतिtowards, against
प्रति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति
आर्यO noble one
आर्य:
TypeNoun
Rootआर्य
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna
K
Kaurava army (tava sainya / tāvakāḥ)
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the decisive role of morale in dharmic warfare: when a formidable warrior acts with fierce resolve, the opposing side’s confidence can collapse into panic. It also implies that inner steadiness and disciplined courage are as crucial as numbers or weapons.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that as Arjuna, enraged in the fight, moved forward to confront the Kaurava warriors, a loud uproar and panic spread through the Kaurava ranks.