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Shloka 52

Adhyāya 86: Irāvān’s Lineage, Cavalry Clash, and the Māyā-Duel Ending in Irāvān’s Fall

स शर: प्रेषितस्तेन गरुडानिलवेगवान्‌ । मद्रराजं विनिर्भिद्य निपषात महीतले,उनके द्वारा चलाया हुआ वह बाण गरुड और वायुके समान वेगशाली था। वह मद्रराजको विदीर्ण करके पृथ्वीपर जा गिरा

sa śaraḥ preṣitas tena garuḍānilavegavān | madrarājaṁ vinirbhidya nipapāta mahītale ||

Sañjaya said: The arrow he released sped forth with the swiftness of Garuḍa and the wind. Piercing through the king of Madra, it then fell upon the earth—an image of the battlefield’s ruthless momentum, where martial skill and fate converge and a ruler’s life is cut down in an instant.

सःhe/that (arrow)
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शरःarrow
शरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रेषितःsent/shot
प्रेषितः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-इष्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
तेनby him
तेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
गरुड-अनिल-वेगवान्having speed like Garuḍa and the wind
गरुड-अनिल-वेगवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवेगवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मद्र-राजम्the king of Madra
मद्र-राजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रराज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विनिर्भिद्यhaving pierced/splitting
विनिर्भिद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-निर्-भिद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
निपपातfell down
निपपात:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-पत्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular
मही-तलेon the ground/on the earth's surface
मही-तले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहीतल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Ś
Śalya (Madrarāja, king of Madra)
A
arrow (śara)
G
Garuḍa
W
wind (anila)
E
earth/ground (mahītala)
M
Madra (kingdom)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the stark ethics of the battlefield: in kṣatriya-dharma, decisive action and martial excellence can end a life instantly, reminding the listener of impermanence and the grave responsibility borne by warriors and rulers.

Sañjaya describes an arrow shot by a warrior; it flies with tremendous speed (likened to Garuḍa and the wind), pierces the king of Madra (Śalya), and then falls to the ground after passing through him.