Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 20

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Sañjaya-saṃvādaḥ; madhyāhna-saṅgrāma-pravṛttiḥ

Dhritarashtra–Sanjaya dialogue and the midday battle escalation

ततस्तु तौ पितापुत्रौ भारद्वाजं रथे स्थितौ । महता शरवर्षेण वारयामासतुर्बलात्‌,अब उन दोनों पिता-पुत्रोंने एक ही रथपर बैठकर महान्‌ बाणवरष्कि द्वारा द्रोणाचार्यको बलपूर्वक आगे बढ़नेसे रोक दिया

tatastu tau pitāputrau bhāradvājaṁ rathe sthitau | mahatā śaravarṣeṇa vārayāmāsatur balāt ||

Then those two—father and son—seated together in a single chariot, checked Bhāradvāja (Droṇācārya) by force, holding back his advance with a mighty shower of arrows. In the moral texture of the war, the verse highlights how kinship and martial duty can converge into coordinated resistance, where restraint is achieved not by counsel but by overwhelming battlefield skill.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
FormAvyaya
तौthose two
तौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रौtwo sons / the two (as) sons
पुत्रौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
भारद्वाजम्Bharadvāja’s descendant (Drona)
भारद्वाजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभारद्वाज (द्रोण-नाम)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रथेin/on the chariot
रथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थितौstanding/being stationed
स्थितौ:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु) → स्थित (कृदन्त)
FormPast passive participle, Masculine, Nominative, Dual
महताby a great
महता:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
शरवर्षेणby a shower of arrows
शरवर्षेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशरवर्ष (शर + वर्ष)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वारयामासतुःthey held back / prevented
वारयामासतुः:
TypeVerb
Rootवारय् (णिजन्त) √वृ (वारणे) / causative stem वारय-
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Dual, Parasmaipada
बलात्by force, forcibly
बलात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular (used adverbially)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhāradvāja (Droṇācārya)
F
father and son (unnamed in this verse)
C
chariot (ratha)
A
arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores a battlefield ethic where outcomes are shaped by disciplined prowess and coordinated action: even a formidable teacher-warrior like Droṇa can be restrained when opponents unite their strength and apply force with precision. It also reflects the Mahābhārata’s recurring tension between personal bonds (father–son unity) and the impersonal demands of war.

Sañjaya reports that two warriors, identified only as a father and his son, ride together on one chariot and unleash a heavy barrage of arrows, thereby forcibly preventing Droṇācārya (called Bhāradvāja) from advancing further.