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Shloka 51

Vāsudeva-Māhātmya: Duryodhana’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Theological Account of Keśava

ततो भीष्म: कुरुश्रेष्ठ सिंहवद्‌ विनदन्‌ मुहुः । धनंजयरथं शीघ्र॑ शरवर्षरवाकिरत्‌,कुरुश्रेष्ठ! तदनन्तर भीष्म सिंहके समान बारंबार गर्जना करते हुए अर्जुनके रथपर शीघ्रतापूर्वक बाणोंकी वर्षा करने लगे

tato bhīṣmaḥ kuruśreṣṭha siṁhavad vinadan muhuḥ | dhanañjayarathaṁ śīghraṁ śaravarṣaravākirat ||

Sañjaya said: Then Bhīṣma, O best of the Kurus, roaring again and again like a lion, swiftly covered Dhanañjaya’s chariot with a loud, rain-like shower of arrows—an act that intensifies the battle’s ferocity while displaying the warrior’s resolve and mastery of arms within the accepted code of war.

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
Formindeclinable (ablatival adverb: 'from that/then')
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
कुरुश्रेष्ठO best of the Kurus
कुरुश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु-श्रेष्ठ
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
सिंहवत्like a lion
सिंहवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसिंहवत्
Formindeclinable (vat-pratyaya adverbial: 'like a lion')
विनदन्roaring/sounding
विनदन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-नद्
Formpresent active participle, nominative masculine singular
मुहुःagain and again/repeatedly
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
Formindeclinable
धनंजय-रथम्the chariot of Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजय-रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय-रथ
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
शीघ्रम्swiftly
शीघ्रम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशीघ्र
Formindeclinable (adverbial accusative)
शर-वर्ष-रव-आकिरत्showered/covered (with)
शर-वर्ष-रव-आकिरत्:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootआ-किॄ
Formimperfect (laṅ), parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
शर-वर्ष-रवwith the roar/sound of a rain of arrows
शर-वर्ष-रव:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर-वर्ष-रव
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular (understood with आकिरत्)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
K
Kuru (Kuru lineage/people)
D
Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
R
ratha (chariot)
Ś
śara (arrows)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in practice: steadfastness, courage, and disciplined martial action within the battlefield code. Bhīṣma’s lion-like roar and swift arrow-shower symbolize unwavering resolve and the intensity of duty-bound combat, even against a formidable opponent.

Sañjaya narrates that Bhīṣma, repeatedly roaring like a lion, rapidly unleashes a dense, thunderous shower of arrows onto Arjuna’s chariot, escalating the direct confrontation between the grandsire and Dhanañjaya.