Shloka 4

पार्थिवा: पृथिवीहेतो: समभित्यज्य जीवितम्‌ । न वा शाम्यन्ति निष्नन्तो वर्धयन्ति यमक्षयम्‌,“संजय! पृथ्वीका पालन करनेवाले ये शूरवीर नरेश इस भूमिके लिये ही अपना जीवन निछावर करके युद्धका अभिनन्दन करते और छोटे-बड़े अस्त्र-शस्त्रोंद्वारा एक-दूसरेपर घातक प्रहार करते हैं। इस भूतलके ऐश्वर्यको स्वयं ही चाहते हुए वे एक-दूसरेको सहन नहीं कर पाते हैं। परस्पर प्रहार करते हुए यमलोककी जनसंख्या बढ़ाते हैं, परंतु शान्त नहीं होते हैं। अतः मैं ऐसा मानता हूँ कि यह भूमि बहुसंख्यक गुणोंसे विभूषित है। इसलिये संजय! तुम मुझसे इस भूमिके गुणोंका ही वर्णन करो इति श्रीमहाभारते भीष्मपर्वणि जम्बूखण्डविनिर्माणपर्वणि भौमगुणकथने चतुर्थोउध्याय:

vaishampāyana uvāca |

pārthivāḥ pṛthivī-hetoḥ samabhityajya jīvitam |

na vā śāmyanti niṣṇanto vardhayanti yamakṣayam ||

Vaiśampāyana said: “Kings, for the sake of the earth, cast away their very lives and rush into battle. Even as they strike one another down, they do not grow calm; instead they only swell the realm of Yama with the unending increase of the dead.”

पार्थिवाःkings, rulers
पार्थिवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृथिवीहेतोःfor the sake of the earth (kingdom)
पृथिवीहेतोः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी-हेतु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
समभित्यज्यhaving completely abandoned
समभित्यज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-अभि-त्यज्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
जीवितम्life
जीवितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वाindeed/and (emphatic particle)
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
शाम्यन्तिthey become calm/are pacified
शाम्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootशम्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
निष्नन्तःstriking down, slaying
निष्नन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन्
FormPresent active participle (Śatṛ), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्धयन्तिthey increase
वर्धयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootवृध्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
यमक्षयम्Yama's realm/abode (lit. Yama's dwelling)
यमक्षयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयम-क्षय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
pārthivāḥ (kings/rulers)
P
Pṛthivī (the earth)
Y
Yama
Y
Yamakṣaya (realm/abode of Yama)

Educational Q&A

The verse critiques territorial obsession: rulers, driven by desire for land and power, sacrifice life and multiply death, yet remain unappeased—highlighting the ethical futility of violence fueled by greed rather than dharma.

Vaiśampāyana describes the pattern of kings warring over the earth: they abandon concern for life, kill one another, and thereby increase the population of Yama’s realm, without attaining peace or satisfaction.