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Shloka 12

Śraddhā–Guṇa–Vibhāga Yoga (Faith and the Three Guṇas) — Mahābhārata Book 6, Chapter 39

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत भीष्मपर्वके श्रीमद्भगवद्‌गीतापव॑के अन्तर्गत ब्रह्मविद्या और योगशासत्ररूप श्रीमद्भगवद्‌गीतोपनिषद्‌, श्रीकृष्णाजुनसंवादमें भक्तियोग नामक बारहवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ,सम्बन्ध-- इस प्रकार ज्ञानके साधनोंका ज्ञान के नामसे वर्णन युननेपर यह जिज्ञासा हो सकती है कि इन साधनोंद्वारा प्राप्त ज्ञान से जाननेयोग्य वस्तु क्या है और उसे जान लेनेसे क्या होता है। उसका उत्तर देनेके लिये भगवान्‌ अब जाननेके योग्य वस्तुके स्वरूपका वर्णन करनेकी प्रतिज्ञा करते हुए उसके जाननेका फल “अमगरत्वकी प्राप्ति बतलाकर छ: शलोकोंमें जाननेके योग्य परमात्माके स्वरूपका वर्णन करते हैं-- ज्ञेयंः यत्‌ तत्‌ प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वामृतमश्रुते । अनादिमत्‌ परं ब्रह्म न सत्‌ तन्नासदुच्यते जो जाननेयोग्य है तथा जिसको जानकर मनुष्य परमानन्दको प्राप्त होता है, उसको भलीभाँति कहूँगा। वह अनादिवाला परम ब्रह्म न सत्‌ ही कहा जाता है, न असत्‌ ही?

jñeyaṁ yat tat pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute | anādimat paraṁ brahma na sat tan nāsad ucyate ||

Arjuna said: “I shall now clearly declare that which is to be known—knowing which a person attains immortality. It is the supreme Brahman, beginningless; it is described as neither ‘being’ (sat) nor ‘non-being’ (asat).”

ज्ञेयम्the knowable (object of knowledge)
ज्ञेयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञेय (√ज्ञा + यत्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall declare
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √वच्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
यत्which/that
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञात्वाhaving known
ज्ञात्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada sense
अमृतम्immortality/nectar (here: immortality)
अमृतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अश्नुतेattains
अश्नुते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√अश्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
अनादिbeginningless
अनादि:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनादि
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
मत्possessed of (having)
मत्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootमत् (possessive suffix)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
परम्supreme
परम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
ब्रह्मBrahman (the Absolute)
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सत्being/existent
सत्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्that (Brahman/that knowable)
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
असत्non-being/non-existent
असत्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअसत्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
उच्यतेis said/called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Root√वच्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Passive

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna (Ajuna)
B
Brahman (param brahma)
B
Bhagavad Gita (as contextual frame)
K
Krishna (implied as the teacher in the dialogue)

Educational Q&A

The verse introduces the ‘knowable’ (jñeya)—the supreme, beginningless Brahman—knowledge of which yields immortality (amṛta). It also cautions that Brahman cannot be captured by ordinary categories of existence or non-existence, indicating a reality beyond conceptual extremes.

Within the Kurukṣetra dialogue, the teaching shifts from listing disciplines and qualities that lead to wisdom to defining the object of that wisdom: the ultimate reality to be known. The speaker signals a transition into a description of Brahman/Paramātman and the fruit of realizing it.