Shloka 5
Adhyāya 39 — त्रिगुणविवेकः (Discrimination of the Three Guṇas) and Avyakta-Doctrine
उद्रेकव्यतिरिक्तानां तेषामन्योन्यवर्तिनाम् वक्ष्यते तद् यथा न्यूनं व्यतिरिक्तं च सर्वश:,ऐसा होनेपर भी कहीं तो इन उन्नति और अवनतिके स्वभाववाले तथा एक-दूसरेका अनुसरण करनेवाले गुणोंमेंसे किसीकी न््यूनता देखी जाती है और कहीं अधिकता। सो किस प्रकार? यह बताया जाता है
udrekavyatiriktānāṃ teṣām anyonyavartinām vakṣyate tad yathā nyūnaṃ vyatiriktaṃ ca sarvaśaḥ
Vāyu-deva said: “Among these qualities—whose nature is to rise and fall and which operate by following one another—one is nevertheless seen to be deficient in some cases and excessive in others. How does this occur? That will now be explained in full.”
वायुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
Even interdependent qualities that normally rise and fall in relation to each other can appear uneven—deficient in one place and excessive in another—due to specific conditions; the speaker introduces a systematic explanation of this variability.
Vāyu-deva is speaking in a didactic mode, setting up an explanation about why certain qualities (understood as interrelated traits or guṇas) manifest with differing degrees—sometimes less, sometimes more—despite their mutual linkage.