Shloka 223
Brahma-vidyā: Satya–Tapas and the Enumeration of Tattvas
Arjuna–Vāsudeva framed dialogue
छित्त्वा चामरतां प्राप्प जहाति मृत्युजन्मनी । यह देह एक वृक्षके समान है। अज्ञान इसका मूल अंकुर (जड़) है, बुद्धि स्कनध (तना) है, अहंकार शाखा है, इन्द्रियाँ खोखले हैं, पजच महाभूत उसके विशेष अवयव हैं और उन भूतोंके विशेष भेद उसकी टहनियाँ हैं। इसमें सदा ही संकल्परूपी पत्ते उगते और कर्मरूपी फूल खिलते रहते हैं। शुभाशुभ कर्मोसे प्राप्त होनेवाले सुख-दुःखादि ही उसमें सदा लगे रहनेवाले फल हैं। इस प्रकार ब्रह्मरूपी बीजसे प्रकट होकर प्रवाहरूपसे सदा मौजूद रहनेवाला देहरूपी वृक्ष समस्त प्राणियोंके जीवनका आधार है। जो इसके तत्त्वको भलीभाँति जानकर ज्ञानरूपी उत्तम तलवारसे इसे काट डालता है, वह अमरत्वको प्राप्त होकर जन्म-मृत्युके बन्धनसे छुटकारा पा जाता है
chittvā cāmaratāṁ prāpya jahāti mṛtyu-janmanī | yaḥ dehaḥ eka-vṛkṣaka-samānaḥ | ajñānaṁ tasya mūla-aṅkuraḥ (jaḍaḥ), buddhiḥ skandhaḥ (tanūḥ), ahaṅkāraḥ śākhā, indriyāṇi suṣirāṇi, pañca mahābhūtāni tasya viśeṣa-avayavāḥ, teṣāṁ bhūtānāṁ viśeṣa-bhedāḥ tasya ṭhaṇḍikāḥ | atra sadā saṅkalpa-rūpāṇi pattāni jāyante, karma-rūpāṇi puṣpāṇi vikasanti | śubhāśubha-karmabhiḥ prāptāni sukha-duḥkhādīni tasya sadā lagna-phālāni | evaṁ brahma-rūpa-bījāt prādurbhūtaḥ pravāha-rūpeṇa sadā vidyamānaḥ deha-rūpa-vṛkṣaḥ sarva-prāṇināṁ jīvana-ādhāraḥ | yaḥ etasya tattvaṁ samyag jñātvā jñāna-rūpayā uttama-khaḍgena enaṁ chittvā amaratvaṁ prāpya janma-mṛtyu-bandhanāt mucyate ||
Vāyu said: “Having cut it down, one attains immortality and abandons the cycle of death and birth. This body is like a single tree: ignorance is its root-sprout, intellect its trunk, ego its branch; the senses are its hollows; the five great elements are its distinct limbs, and the further differentiations of those elements are its twigs. Upon it, leaves in the form of intentions continually grow, and flowers in the form of actions continually bloom. The fruits that ever cling to it are the pleasures and pains obtained from auspicious and inauspicious deeds. Thus, arising from the seed that is Brahman and persisting as an unbroken stream, this ‘tree’ of the body supports the life of all beings. Whoever truly understands its nature and cuts it down with the excellent sword of knowledge attains immortality and is freed from the bondage of birth and death.”
वायुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
Embodied existence is sustained by ignorance, intention, and action, yielding pleasure and pain through karma. Liberation comes by discerning this structure and ‘cutting’ attachment to it with knowledge, thereby transcending birth and death.
Vāyudeva delivers a philosophical instruction using an extended metaphor: the body is a tree whose components are ignorance, intellect, ego, senses, and elements; its leaves, flowers, and fruits are intentions, actions, and their karmic results. He concludes that knowledge severs this tree and grants freedom from saṁsāra.