Shloka 17

किं त्वं साक्षाद्‌ धनुर्वेदो रामो वा विप्रसत्तम | अथ साक्षाद्धरिहय: साक्षाद्‌ वा विष्णुरच्युत:,विप्रशिरोमणे! आप मूर्तिमान्‌ धनुर्वेद हैं? या परशुराम? अथवा आप स्वयं इन्द्र या अपनी महिमासे कभी च्युत न होनेवाले साक्षात्‌ भगवान्‌ विष्णु हैं?

kiṁ tvaṁ sākṣād dhanurvedo rāmo vā viprasattama | atha sākṣād harihayaḥ sākṣād vā viṣṇur acyutaḥ ||

Karna said: “Who are you truly, O best of brahmins? Are you the very embodied science of archery, or Rama (Paraśurāma) himself? Or are you Indra, lord of the tawny steeds, or indeed Viṣṇu—Acyuta, the unfailing one—manifest before me?” In this moment Karna’s awe and uncertainty reveal how extraordinary the opponent appears, and how power can be read as a sign of divine presence, calling for reverence even amid rivalry.

किम्what (indeed)?
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formneuter, nominative/accusative, singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, nominative, singular
साक्षात्directly, in person
साक्षात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाक्षात्
धनुर्वेदःthe science of archery
धनुर्वेदः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुर्वेद
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
रामःRama (Paraśurāma)
रामः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
विप्रसत्तमO best of brahmins
विप्रसत्तम:
TypeNoun (vocative address)
Rootविप्रसत्तम
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
अथor else, then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
साक्षात्directly, in person
साक्षात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाक्षात्
हरिहयःHari-haya (Indra, the one with tawny steeds)
हरिहयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहरिहय
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
साक्षात्directly, in person
साक्षात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाक्षात्
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
विष्णुःVishnu
विष्णुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अच्युतःthe infallible one
अच्युतः:
Karma
TypeAdjective (used as noun/epithet)
Rootअच्युत
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
विप्रशिरोमणेO crest-jewel among brahmins
विप्रशिरोमणे:
TypeNoun (vocative address)
Rootविप्रशिरोमणि
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

कर्ण उवाच

K
Karna
V
viprasattama (addressed brahmin)
D
Dhanurveda
R
Rama (Paraśurāma)
I
Indra (Harihaya)
V
Viṣṇu (Acyuta)

Educational Q&A

Extraordinary skill and presence can evoke reverence and self-restraint: Karna frames unmatched martial excellence as potentially divine, reminding that power should be approached with humility and discernment, not mere arrogance.

Karna addresses an exceptional brahmin-like figure and, struck by his prowess, wonders whether he is the personified Dhanurveda, Paraśurāma, Indra, or Viṣṇu himself—an expression of astonishment and respect in a tense encounter.