Mantra 25

Sukta 10

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

शकमयं धूममारादपश्यं विषूवता पर एनावरेण । उक्षाणं पृश्निमपचन्त वीरास्तानि धर्माणि प्रथमान्यासन्

IAST Transliteration

śakámayaṃ dhūmáṃ ārā́d apaśyaṃ viṣū́vatā pará énā́varéṇa | ukṣā́ṇaṃ pṛ́śnim apacanta vīrā́s tā́ni dhármāṇi prathamā́ny āsan

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

A smoke of dung-fuel from far away I beheld, at the turning-time, with the farther and the nearer side. A speckled bull the heroes cooked: those were the first-established ordinances.

Word by Word

• शकमयम्: made of dung / dung-like
• शकमयम्: कर्म (अपश्यं इति क्रियायाः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शकमय (प्रातिपदिक; शक + मयट् ‘made of/consisting of’)

• धूमम्: smoke
• धूमम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: धूम (प्रातिपदिक)

• आरात्: from a distance; afar
• आरात्: अपादान/अधिकारण (दूरी/स्थान-निर्देशः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आरात् (अव्यय)

• अपश्यम्: I saw
• अपश्यम्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पश् (दर्शने)

• विषूवता: with a separating/dividing (motion/way); asunder
• विषूवता: करण (अपश्यं—‘by/with a separating (means/way)’)
• Type: Adjective (instrumental qualifier)
• Root: विषूवत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘separating, asunder’)

• परः: farther; beyond
• परः: कर्ता (अभिप्रेतः—धूमः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)

• एनावरेण: with the nearer/lower (one); by the nearer side
• एनावरेण: करण (विषूवता इत्यस्य सहचर-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (instrumental qualifier)
• Root: एनावर (प्रातिपदिक; एना + अवर ‘this-lower/nearer’)

• उक्षाणम्: a bull
• उक्षाणम्: कर्म (अपचन्त इति क्रियायाः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उक्षन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘bull’)

• पृश्निम्: speckled; dappled
• पृश्निम्: कर्म (विशेषणत्वेन)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पृश्नि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘speckled’)

• अपचन्त: they cooked
• अपचन्त: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पच् (पाके)

• वीराः: heroes; men
• वीराः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)

• तानि: those
• तानि: कर्ता (आसन् इति क्रियायाः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• धर्माणि: rites; ordinances; established practices
• धर्माणि: कर्ता/समानााधिकरण (तानि इत्यनेन सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्रथमानि: first; earliest
• प्रथमानि: कर्ता (विशेषणत्वेन)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)

• आसन्: they were
• आसन्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भुवि/सत्तायाम्)

Attribution

Rishi: As for AV 9.10 (anukramaṇī needed)

Devata: Ritual precedent (dharma), Agni implied; ancestral ‘vīrāḥ’ as paradigmatic performers

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like (verify)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Awe at distant sign → liminal tension → communal decisive action → calm certainty of established dharma.","listener_experience":"Feels connected to ancestors and the ‘right way’; reassurance that one’s rite stands in a long lineage.","intensity":5}