Mantra 1

Sukta 99

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

संग्रामजयः। अभि त्वेन्द्र वरिमतः पुरा त्वांहूरणाद्धुवे । ह्वयाम्युग्रं चेत्तारं पुरुणामानमेकजम्

IAST Transliteration

saṅgrāmajayáḥ | abhí tvéndra várimataḥ purā́ tvāṃ āhur araṇā́d huvé | hvayāmy ugráṃ cetā́raṃ purúnāmānam ekajám

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

For victory in the battle: unto thee, Indra, from the wide expanse—of old men have called thee—I invoke thee from distress. I call upon the fierce controller, of many names, the uniquely born.

Word by Word

• अभि: towards, against, upon
• अभि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• त्वा: you (object)
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: —
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वरिमतः: of the wide/expansive one
• वरिमतः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरिमन् (प्रातिपदिक) → वरिमत् (मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त)

• पुरा: formerly, of old
• पुरा: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा (अव्यय)

• त्वाम्: you (object)
• त्वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• आहुः: they have said/called
• आहुः: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह् (धातु) / ब्रू (अर्थे ‘कथने’—वैदिक प्रयोगे)

• अणात्: from distress/constraint (lit. ‘from a pressing/straitening’)
• अणात्: Apādāna
• Type: Noun (ablative) / (uncertain etymon)
• Root: अण (धातु, ‘शब्दे/गत्यर्थे’—वैदिक) / अण (प्रातिपदिक-सम्भव)

• धुवे: for the shaker/agitator (as an epithet)
• धुवे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: धु (धातु, ‘कम्पने/धुनोति’) → धुव (प्रातिपदिक)

• ह्वयामि: I call/invoke
• ह्वयामि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: ह्वे (धातु, ‘आह्वाने’)

• उग्रम्: fierce, mighty
• उग्रम्: Karma (as object-complement with ‘ह्वयामि’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• चेतारम्: the perceiver/leader, the one who directs
• चेतारम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (agent) / Adjective
• Root: चेतृ (प्रातिपदिक; कर्तरि-तृच्, √चित् ‘चेतने/बोधने’)

• पुरुणामानम्: of many names (much-invoked)
• पुरुणामानम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरु-नामन् (समास-प्रातिपदिक)

• एकजम्: single-born/unique-born
• एकजम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक-ज (समास-प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic transmission (anukramaṇī-dependent)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Mixed; predominantly Triṣṭubh-style (varies by metrical analysis)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"From peril and urgency to fierce confidence and command.","listener_experience":"A surge of courage; sharpening of attention; sense of being led by a stronger will.","intensity":8}