Mantra 1

Sukta 13

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

आपः। यददः संप्रयतीरहावनदता हते। तस्मादा नद्यो३ नाम स्थ ता वो नामानि सिन्धवः

IAST Transliteration

ā́paḥ | yád adáḥ saṁprayatī́r áhāvanádatā haté | tásmād ā́ nádyo nā́ma stha tā́ vo nā́māni síndhavaḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

O Waters: when yonder, flowing on together, ye roared aloud day after day at the smiting—therefore are ye called ‘Rivers’: those are your names, O Sindhus.

Word by Word

• आपः: waters
• आपः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (प्रातिपदिक) / आपस्-

• यत्: that which
• यत्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अदः: that (yonder)
• अदः: विशेषण/सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together, completely
• सम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग)

• प्रयतीः: going forth, flowing onward
• प्रयतीः: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (participle)
• Root: प्र-√या (धातु) → प्रयती- (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; वर्तमानकाले शतृ/शानच्-प्रायः ‘going forth’)

• अहावनदता: resounding in the daytime
• अहावनदता: कर्तृ
• Type: Adjective (participle/compound)
• Root: अहा-वनदत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ‘day-resounding/roaring by day’)

• हते: when struck / having been struck
• हते: अधिकरण (if ‘when/where struck’) / कर्म-भाव
• Type: Verb/Participle (contextual)
• Root: √हन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त) / अथवा √हन् लुङ्-आत्मनेपद 3एक ‘was struck’

• तस्मात्: from that, therefore
• तस्मात्: अपादान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नद्यः: rivers
• नद्यः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: नदी (प्रातिपदिक)

• नाम: (as) a name; ‘by the name’
• नाम: कर्म/प्रकार
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्थ: be / stand (you are called)
• स्थ: विधेय-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (धातु) → स्थ (लोट्/आज्ञार्थे 2पुरुष बहुवचन; वैदिक)

• ताः: those (f.)
• ताः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वः: of you / to you
• वः: सम्प्रदान/सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• नामानि: names
• नामानि: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सिन्धवः: O Sindhus / O rivers (Sindhu-waters)
• सिन्धवः: सम्बोधन/कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिन्धु (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic water-hymn tradition (anukramaṇī attribution varies)

Devata: Āpas / Sindhavaḥ (Waters/Rivers)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (with etiological narrative phrasing)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Wonder at primordial waters → calm confidence in their known names and powers.","listener_experience":"A sense of standing near a living river; clarity and release.","intensity":4}