Mantra 2

Sukta 85

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

अवक्रक्षिणं वृषभं यथाजुरं गां न चर्षणीसहम्। विद्वेषणं संवननोभयंकरं मंहिष्ठमुभयाविनम्

IAST Transliteration

avakrakṣíṇaṃ vṛṣabháṃ yathā́juraṃ gā́m ná carṣaṇī-sáham | vidvéṣaṇaṃ saṃváṇanobhayáṃkaraṃ maṃhíṣṭham ubhayā́vinam ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Him, the side-glancing Bull, enduring as with age; like a cow, overpowering the peoples—stirrer of enmity, uniter, making both sides fear, most bounteous, helper in either wise.

Word by Word

• अवक्रक्षिणम्: (the bull) ‘not croaking/crying out’, i.e., firm-voiced/steadfast (epithet)
• अवक्रक्षिणम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्) अथवा कर्मपदस्य विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अव-क्रक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक) ← √क्रक्ष्/क्रक्ष् (धातु; ‘to croak/cry out’, denom./intensive sense in lexica) with अव- उपसर्ग; adjective-stem अवक्रक्षिन्

• वृषभम्: bull
• वृषभम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (प्रातिपदिक)

• यथा: as, like
• यथा: सम्बन्ध/उपमान-निर्देश (यथार्थ-उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)

• अजुरम्: unaging, undecaying
• अजुरम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्) अथवा उपमानपदस्य विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजुर (प्रातिपदिक; a- + जुर ‘aging/decaying’)

• गाम्: cow
• गाम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक)

• न: not
• न: निषेध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• चर्षणीसहम्: able to withstand/overpower men; man-conquering
• चर्षणीसहम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्/गाम्; ‘people-enduring/overpowering’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चर्षणीसह (प्रातिपदिक; चर्षणी ‘people/men’ + सह ‘bearing/enduring’)

• विद्वेषणम्: hostility-causing; stirring up enmity
• विद्वेषणम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्) अथवा कर्मपदस्य विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विद्वेषण (प्रातिपदिक; √द्विष् ‘to hate’ → द्वेष; वि- + द्वेषण ‘causing hatred/hostility’)

• संवनन-उभयङ्करम्: uniting, and ‘making both (sides)’; producing effects on both sides
• संवनन-उभयङ्करम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: (1) संवनन (प्रातिपदिक; सम्- + √वन्/√वन् ‘to win/bring together’ → ‘uniting/bringing together’), (2) उभयङ्कर (प्रातिपदिक; उभयम् + कर ‘making’)

• मंहिष्ठम्: most mighty; strongest
• मंहिष्ठम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मंहिष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; मंह ‘might/abundance’ + इष्ठ superlative)

• उभयाविनम्: helping/protecting both (sides); beneficial in both ways
• उभयाविनम्: कर्म (विशेषणम्—वृषभम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभयाविन् (प्रातिपदिक; उभय + आविन् ‘helping/favoring/protecting’, from √अव् ‘to protect’)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-source seer (Indra praise tradition).

Devata: Indra

Chandas: RV-derived meter (per source)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"From admiring description to escalating coercive power—ending in bounteous, tactical assurance.","listener_experience":"Feels like donning armor: alert, intimidating, strategically confident.","intensity":7}