Mantra 19
Sukta 70
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
इन्द्र त्वोतास आ वयं वज्रं घना ददीमहि । जयेम सं युधि स्पृधः
IAST Transliteration
índra tvótāsa ā́ vayáṃ vájraṃ ghanā́ dadīmahi | jáyema sáṃ yudhí spṛ́dhaḥ ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
O Indra, aided by thee, forth we go: the crushing thunderbolt we set in play; may we, in battle, wholly conquer the rival foes.
Word by Word
इन्द्रO Indra
इन्द्र:
सम्बोधन (address)
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootइन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
त्वाyou
त्वा:
कर्म (of √वद्/√ब्रू implied: ‘we invoke/choose you’); here object of ‘आ … (इ)ता’ sense
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
उतासःand we (also)
उतासः:
कर्तृ (for the whole clause: ‘we also …’)
TypeParticle + Pronoun (enclitic)
Rootउत (अव्यय) + आस् (अस्मद्-प्रातिपदिक ‘we’)
आhither; forth
आ:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootआ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
वयम्we
वयम्:
कर्तृ
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
वज्रम्the thunderbolt
वज्रम्:
कर्म (of √दा ‘to give’)
TypeNoun
Rootवज्र (प्रातिपदिक)
घनाO smiter/crusher (slayer)
घना:
सम्बोधन (epithet in address)
TypeAdjective (used substantively) / Noun-epithet
Rootघन (प्रातिपदिक)
ददीमहिwe would give / we grant
ददीमहि:
क्रिया (कर्तृ = वयम्; कर्म = वज्रम्)
TypeVerb
Root√दा (दाने)
जयेमmay we win
जयेम:
क्रिया (कर्तृ = वयम्)
TypeVerb
Root√जि (जये)
सम्together; wholly
सम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootसम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)
युधिin battle
युधि:
अधिकरण (locus)
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (प्रातिपदिक)
स्पृधःrivalries; hostile opponents
स्पृधः:
कर्म (of √जि ‘to conquer’)
TypeNoun
Rootस्पृध् (प्रातिपदिक)
Attribution
Rishi: RV-derived Indra hymn; r̥ṣi per RV source mapping
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"raudra","emotional_arc":"Invocation → mobilization → decisive strike → total victory-wish.","listener_experience":"Adrenalized confidence; sense of carrying a charged weapon of clarity.","intensity":9}