Mantra 1

Sukta 56

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

इन्द्रो मदाय वावृधे शवसे वृत्रहा नृभिः । तमिन्महत्स्वाजिषूतेमर्भे हवामहे स वाजेषु प्र नोऽविषत्

IAST Transliteration

índro madā́ya vāvṛdhe śávase vṛtra-hā́ nṛ́bhiḥ | tám ín mahát-svā́ji-sūtem árbhe havāmahe sá vā́jeṣu prá no 'viṣat ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Indra for rapture hath waxed strong, for might—the Vṛtra-slayer—with our heroes. Him, yea, the great, the winner of good prizes, even in the lesser need we call: in battles may he forward help us.

Word by Word

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• मदाय: for exhilaration/joy (intoxication)
• मदाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)

• वावृधे: has grown/has become strong
• वावृधे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वृध् (वर्धने)

• शवसे: for strength/might
• शवसे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: शवस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• वृत्रहा: Vr̥tra-slayer
• वृत्रहा: कर्तृ (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: वृत्रहन् (प्रातिपदिक; वृत्र + √हन्)

• नृभिः: with men/with heroes
• नृभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: नृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• तम्: him
• तम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्: indeed/just
• इन्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इन् (निपात/अव्यय)

• महत्: great
• महत्: कर्म (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वाजिषूतिम्: him of good impelling in battle / of good battle-aid
• स्वाजिषूतिम्: कर्म (विशेषण)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: स्वाजिषूति (प्रातिपदिक; स्व + आजि + सूति)

• अर्भे: in the small (contest)/in a minor (need)
• अर्भे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)

• हवामहे: we call/invoke
• हवामहे: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वे (आह्वाने)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजेषु: in prizes/contests
• वाजेषु: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• नः: of us/our
• नः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अविषत्: protected/aided
• अविषत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अव् (रक्षणे) / अवि- (to protect) + लुङ्

Attribution

Rishi: RV-derived Indra hymn lineage (as preserved in AV 20)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type RV meter (per RV source tradition)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From proclamation of Indra’s strength to intimate calling in small need, culminating in forward-driving protection in battle.","listener_experience":"Courage with buoyant momentum; sense of being accompanied and advanced by a powerful ally.","intensity":7}