Mantra 3

Sukta 31

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

हरिश्मशारुर्हरिकेश आयसस्तुरस्पेये यो हरिपा अवर्धत । अर्वद्भिर्यो हरिभिर्वाजिनीवसुरति विश्वा दुरिता पारिषद्धरी

IAST Transliteration

háriśmaśārū́r hárikeśa āyásaḥ turaspéye yó háripā́ ávardhata | árvadbhīr yó háribhir vājínīvasur áti víśvā duritā́ pā́riṣad dhárī

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Tawny-bearded, tawny-haired, of iron hardihood—he, the tawny-drinker, waxed strong in the Turaspeya. He who with steeds, with the Bays, is prize-wealthy—may the two Bearers carry us over all misfortunes.

Word by Word

• हरिश्मशारुः: Hari-śmaśāru (one with tawny/greenish beard; an epithet)
• हरिश्मशारुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (proper/epithet)
• Root: हरि-श्मशारु (प्रातिपदिक)

• हरिकेशः: the tawny-/green-haired one
• हरिकेशः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: हरि-केश (प्रातिपदिक)

• आयसः: made of metal/iron
• आयसः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आयस (प्रातिपदिक)

• तुरस्पेये: swift/impetuous (as in the Turaspeya lineage/epithet)
• तुरस्पेये: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुरस्पेय (प्रातिपदिक; य-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषण)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हरिपाः: Hari-pā (protector/keeper of the tawny ones; an epithet)
• हरिपाः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: हरि-पा (प्रातिपदिक) अथवा हरि + पा (कृदन्त-समासार्थ)

• अवर्धत: grew; increased
• अवर्धत: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृध् (धातु)

• अर्वद्भिः: with horses
• अर्वद्भिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्वत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यः: who
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हरिभिः: with tawny/greenish (horses/steeds)
• हरिभिः: Karaṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)

• वाजिनीवसुः: Vājinīvasu (whose wealth is winning steeds/strength; an epithet)
• वाजिनीवसुः: Kartā
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: वाजिनी-वसु (प्रातिपदिक; समास)

• अति: beyond; over
• अति: —
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• विश्वा: all
• विश्वा: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• दुरितानि: misfortunes; sins; troubles
• दुरितानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुरित (प्रातिपदिक)

• पारिषत्: overcame; passed around/over; sat down upon (i.e., subdued)
• पारिषत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + सद् (धातु)

• हरी: O two Haris (tawny ones/steeds); O Haris
• हरी: —
• Type: Noun (vocative/nom. dual in Vedic usage)
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-derived attribution (Indra praise tradition).

Devata: Indra (and the Haris as bearers).

Chandas: Jagatī

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From naming Indra’s tawny, iron attributes → to confident petition for safe crossing.","listener_experience":"A surge of courage and forward motion; sense of being escorted through hazard.","intensity":7}