Mantra 5

Sukta 30

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

त्वंत्वमहर्यथा उपस्तुतः पूर्वेभिरिन्द्र हरिकेश यज्वभिः । त्वं हर्यसि तव विश्वमुक्थ्य१मसामि राधो हरिजात हर्यतम्

IAST Transliteration

tváṃ tvám aharyáthā úpa-stutaḥ pū́rvebhir indra hárikeśa yájvabhiḥ | tváṃ haryási táva víśvam ukthyàm asā́mi rā́dho harijāta haryatám ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Thou, thou wast irresistible when praised of old by the former sacrificers, O Indra of tawny hair. Thou art the tawny-bright; all that is worthy of hymn is thine: I win thy bounty, O tawny-born, the tawny boon most to be desired.

Word by Word

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वम्: you (indeed)
• त्वम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• अहर्: day
• अहर्: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• यथा: as, just as
• यथा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (अव्यय)

• उपस्तुतः: praised, lauded
• उपस्तुतः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (past passive)
• Root: उप-स्तु (धातु √स्तु ‘स्तुतौ’) + क्त

• पूर्वेभिः: by the former/ancients
• पूर्वेभिः: करण
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• हरिकेश: O tawny-haired (Indra)
• हरिकेश: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun/Adjective (vocative epithet)
• Root: हरिकेश (प्रातिपदिक; हरि+केश)

• यज्वभिः: by the sacrificers
• यज्वभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्

• हर्यसि: you are eager / you rush
• हर्यसि: कर्तृ-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हृ/हर् (धातु; ‘हर्यति’—to be eager/impetuous, to hasten/press on)

• तव: of you, your
• तव: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun (genitive)
• Root: युष्मद्

• विश्वम्: all, the whole
• विश्वम्: कर्म (आशयतः)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• उक्थ्यम्: worthy of hymn/praise
• उक्थ्यम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्थ्य (प्रातिपदिक; उक्थ ‘hymn’ + य)

• असामि: I am
• असामि: कर्तृ-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (धातु ‘अस्मि’)

• राधः: bounty, gift, wealth
• राधः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: राधस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• हरिजात: O born of the tawny (steeds)/tawny-born
• हरिजात: सम्बोधन
• Type: Adjective (vocative epithet)
• Root: हरिजात (प्रातिपदिक; हरि+जात)

• हर्यतम्: most desirable / most impetuous
• हर्यतम्: विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हर्यत (प्रातिपदिक; superlative in -तम)

Attribution

Rishi: RV-derived Indra hymn lineage (to be confirmed).

Devata: Indra

Chandas: RV meter class (likely Triṣṭubh; verify).

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shringara","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"From insistence and memory of past efficacy to confident asking and acquisition of boon.","listener_experience":"Warm devotion mixed with ambition; sense of being supported by tradition.","intensity":6}