Mantra 3

Sukta 141

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यदद्याश्विनावहं हुवेय वाजसातये । यत्पृत्सु तुर्वणे सनस्तच्छ्रेष्ठमश्विनोरवः

IAST Transliteration

yád adyā́śvināv aháṃ huvḗya vā́jasātaye | yát pṛtsú turváṇe sánaḥ tác chrḗṣṭham aśvínor ávaḥ

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

If today I should invoke you, O Aśvins, for the winning of strength; that aid whereby in battles ye bring winning to the eager—this is the Aśvins’ best succour.

Word by Word

• यत्: that which / if
• यत्: Karma (yad-śabda correlating to the following clause)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• अद्य: today / now
• अद्य: Adhikaraṇa (kāla-adhikaraṇa)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य (avyaya)

• अश्विनौ: the two Aśvins
• अश्विनौ: Karma (object of ‘huveya’)
• Type: Noun (dual deity-name)
• Root: अश्विन् (prātipadika)

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अहम् (asmad-sarvanāma)

• हुवेय: may I invoke / call
• हुवेय: Kriyā (invoking action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ह्वे (ह्वयति/आह्वयति)

• वाजसातये: for the winning of strength/prize
• वाजसातये: Sampradāna (purpose/benefit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाजसाति (prātipadika; ‘winning of prize/strength’)

• यत्: that which / and that
• यत्: Karma (yad-śabda correlating to the following clause)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• पृत्सु: in battles
• पृत्सु: Adhikaraṇa (viṣaya/locative: in battles)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृत्/पृत्स् (prātipadika; ‘battle, contest’)

• तुर्वणे: in/for the overpowering (one/act)
• तुर्वणे: Adhikaraṇa (context/occasion: in/for the ‘Túrvana’ situation)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively) / Noun-epithet
• Root: तुर्वण (prātipadika; epithet ‘overpowering/impetuous’)

• सनः: gain / winning
• सनः: Kartā (of implied ‘is/comes’ in the relative clause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सनस् (prātipadika; ‘gain, benefit, winning’)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (correlative: that)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)

• श्रेष्ठम्: best / most excellent
• श्रेष्ठम्: Karma / Predicate (qualifying ‘tat’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ (prātipadika)

• अश्विनोः: of the two Aśvins
• अश्विनोः: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun (dual deity-name)
• Root: अश्विन् (prātipadika)

• अवः: help / protection
• अवः: Karma / Predicate (apposition to ‘tat śreṣṭham’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अवस् (prātipadika; ‘help, protection, favor’)

Attribution

Rishi: Ṛgvedic source tradition (Aśvin hymn material; likely Kāṇva milieu)

Devata: Aśvinau

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (AV adaptation; RV original may vary by pada arrangement)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"vira","emotional_arc":"Humble request → recollection of proven help in struggle → reassurance of best succor.","listener_experience":"Comforted determination; feeling accompanied in the fight.","intensity":5}