Mantra 2
Sukta 111
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
यद् वा शक्र परावति समुद्रे अधि मन्दसे । अस्माकमित् सुते रणा समिन्दुभिः
IAST Transliteration
yád vā śakra parāváti samudré ádhi mándase | asmā́kam íd suté raṇā́ya sám índubhiḥ ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
Or if, O Śakra, in the far region, upon the sea, thou art exhilarated—then even in our pressed Soma, for battle, be thou wholly exhilarated with the drops.
Word by Word
यत्that (which/wherein)
यत्:
Karma (of मन्दसे; ‘that which/wherein you rejoice’)
TypeIndeclinable (relative pronoun used correlatively)
Rootयद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
वाor
वा:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (nipāta)
शक्रO Śakra (Indra)
शक्र:
Sambodhana (addressed)
TypeNoun (proper/epithet)
Rootशक्र (prātipadika; Indra-epithet)
परावत्far away, in the distance
परावत्:
Adhikaraṇa (locative sense: ‘in/at the far region’)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरावत् (avyaya/prātipadika ‘far away’)
समुद्रेin the ocean
समुद्रे:
Adhikaraṇa (location)
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र (prātipadika)
अधिupon, in, over
अधि:
Adhikaraṇa (with समुद्रे: ‘upon/in the ocean’)
TypeIndeclinable (preverb/adposition)
Rootअधि (upasarga/avyaya)
मन्दसेyou rejoice / are glad
मन्दसे:
— (finite verb; kartā implied ‘त्वम्’ = Indra)
TypeVerb
Rootमन्द् (dhātu; ‘to rejoice/be glad’)
अस्माकम्of us, our
अस्माकम्:
Sambandha (genitive: ‘of us/our’)
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद् (sarvanāma-prātipadika)
इत्indeed, just
इत्:
—
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइत् (nipāta; emphatic)
सुतेin the pressed soma (juice)
सुते:
Adhikaraṇa (location/occasion: ‘in/at the pressed soma’)
TypeNoun/Adjective (participial substantive)
Rootसुत (kṛdanta from √सु ‘to press (soma)’; PPP)
रणाin battle, in the contest
रणा:
Adhikaraṇa (occasion)
TypeNoun
Rootरण (prātipadika)
सम्together, completely
सम्:
—
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootसम् (upasarga)
इन्दुभिःwith soma-drops
इन्दुभिः:
Karaṇa (instrument: ‘with soma-drops’)
TypeNoun
Rootइन्दु (prātipadika; ‘drop’, esp. soma-drop)
Attribution
Rishi: Ṛgvedic provenance; r̥ṣi not determinable from excerpt alone.
Devata: Indra (Śakra).
Chandas: Not securely determinable from excerpt alone.
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From distance/uncertainty to immediate, charged empowerment.","listener_experience":"Arousal of courage; sense of a powerful ally arriving.","intensity":7}