Mantra 5

Sukta 53

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

कालोऽमूं दिवमजनयत् काल इमाः पृथिवीरुत। काले ह भूतं भव्यं चेषितं ह वि तिष्ठते

IAST Transliteration

kāló ’mū́ṃ dívaṃ ajanayat kālá imā́ḥ pṛthivī́r utá | kālé há bhūtáṃ bhávyam ceṣitáṃ há ví tíṣṭhate ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Time generated yonder heaven; Time also these broad earths. In Time, indeed, what hath been and what shall be, and what is set in motion—therein it standeth forth, distributed and established.

Word by Word

• कालः: Time
• कालः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)

• अमूम्: that (yonder)
• अमूम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अदस् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दिवम्: heaven, sky
• दिवम्: कर्म (अमूम्-विशेष्य) / कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)

• अजनयत्: generated, produced
• अजनयत्: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (जनने) [णिच्]

• कालः: Time
• कालः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)

• इमाः: these
• इमाः: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• पृथिवीः: earths; the earth(s)
• पृथिवीः: कर्म (इमाः-विशेष्य) / कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• उत: and, also
• उत: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

• काले: in Time
• काले: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)

• ह: indeed
• ह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• भूतम्: the past; what has been
• भूतम्: कर्तृ (तिष्ठते-समुच्चय) / कर्म (अर्थानुसार)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √भू → भूत)

• भव्यम्: the future; what will be
• भव्यम्: कर्तृ (तिष्ठते-समुच्चय) / कर्म (अर्थानुसार)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: भव्य (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √भू → भव्यम्)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ईषितम्: the ordained/impelled (order, decree)
• ईषितम्: कर्तृ (तिष्ठते-समुच्चय) / कर्म (अर्थानुसार)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: ईषित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √ईष्/√ईश् ‘to rule/impel’ → ईषित ‘ordained/impelled’)

• ह: indeed
• ह: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• वि: apart, distinctly (prefix)
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि

• तिष्ठते: stands; is established
• तिष्ठते: (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (तिष्ठति-आदेश) + वि

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic seer-tradition (Kāla-sūkta)

Devata: Kāla

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh-like (with Atharvanic expansions)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From awe at Time’s generativity to calm acceptance of its ordering power.","listener_experience":"A sense of being ‘held’ by a larger rhythm; mental spaciousness and reduced urgency.","intensity":4}