Mantra 8

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

सप्त सूर्यो हरितो यातवे रथे हिरण्यत्वचसो बृहतीरयुक्त । अमोचि शुक्रो रजसः परस्ताद् विधूय देवस्तमो दिवमारुहत्

IAST Transliteration

saptá sū́ryo haríto yātáve rathé híraṇya-tvacaso bṛhatī́r ayukta | amóci śukró rájasaḥ parástād vidhū́ya devás támo dívam ā́ruhat ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Seven tawny mares, golden-skinned, great, did Sūrya yoke upon the chariot for his going. Released, the bright god from beyond the dusky region, shaking off the darkness, mounted up to heaven.

Word by Word

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्तन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• सूर्याः: suns / solar beings
• सूर्याः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• हरितः: golden/greenish (bright)
• हरितः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हरित (प्रातिपदिक)

• यातवे: to go / to ride forth
• यातवे: Prayojana
• Type: Verb (infinitive)
• Root: या (धातु) → यातु (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) / यातृ-भावः

• रथे: on/in the chariot
• रथे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• हिरण्यत्वचसः: having golden skin/covering
• हिरण्यत्वचसः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिरण्य-त्वचस् (समास-प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय-भावः)

• बृहतीः: great, lofty
• बृहतीः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बृहती (प्रातिपदिक)

• अयुक्त: yoked / harnessed
• अयुक्त: Kartā
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: युज् (धातु) → अ-युक्त (कृदन्त; भूतकृदन्त)

• अमोचि: was released / was set free
• अमोचि: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुच् (धातु) → अ-मोचि

• शुक्रः: the bright one
• शुक्रः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: शुक्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• रजसः: from/of the space/dusty realm
• रजसः: Apādāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• परस्तात्: from beyond / on the farther side
• परस्तात्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परस्तात् (अव्यय)

• विधूय: having shaken off
• विधूय: Kriyā (पूर्वकर्म)
• Type: Verb (gerund)
• Root: धू (धातु) + वि- → विधूय

• देवः: the god
• देवः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दिवम्: to heaven / the sky
• दिवम्: Karma (गत्यर्थे)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)

• आरुहत्: ascended / mounted
• आरुहत्: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: रुह् (धातु) + आ- → आरुहत्

Attribution

Rishi: Sūrya-hymn tradition (anukramaṇī-dependent)

Devata: Sūrya

Chandas: Triṣṭubh/Jagatī-type (requires metrical audit in the chosen AV edition)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From boundless preparation (yoking) to triumphant cleansing (shaking off) to exalted ascent.","listener_experience":"Courage, clarity, and a ‘fresh start’ feeling.","intensity":7}