Mantra 12

Sukta 2

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

दिवि त्वात्त्रिरधारयत् सूर्या मासाय कर्तवे । स एषि सुधृतस्तपन् विश्वा भूतावचाकशत्

IAST Transliteration

diví tvā́t trír adhārayat sū́ryā mā́sāya kártave | sá éṣi sudhṛ́tas tápan víśvā bhūtā́vacā́kaśat ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

In heaven they set thee fast, O Sūrya, thrice over, to make the month its course. Thou goest, firmly stayed, burning; thou hast made all beings visible below.

Word by Word

• दिवि: in heaven, in the sky
• दिवि: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव् (प्रातिपदिक: द्यौ/दिव्)

• त्वा: you (as object)
• त्वा: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• त्रिः: thrice
• त्रिः: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रिः (अव्यय)

• अधारयत्: (he) placed/held (up), supported
• अधारयत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (धारणे) + अधि-

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• मासाय: for a month
• मासाय: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)

• कर्तवे: to do, to make
• कर्तवे: प्रयोजन (उद्देश्य)
• Type: Verbal noun (infinitive)
• Root: कृ (करणे) → कर्तृ (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एषि: goes, moves on
• एषि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ (गत्यर्थ) / एष् (गत्यर्थ) (वैदिक प्रयोग)

• सुधृतः: well-held, firmly supported
• सुधृतः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective (past participle)
• Root: सु- + धृ (धारणे) → धृत (कृदन्त)

• तपन्: heating, shining
• तपन्: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: तप् (सन्तापे/दीप्तौ) → तपत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• विश्वाः: all
• विश्वाः: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूताः: beings, creatures
• भूताः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (भू-धातोः क्त) (प्रातिपदिक)

• अचाकशत्: (he) made (them) shine / illumined
• अचाकशत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: कश्/काश् (दीप्तौ) + आ- (वैदिक: चकास/चकाश्) → अचाकशत्

Attribution

Rishi: Traditionally associated with Sūrya/Āditya stuti strata in AV 13; exact r̥ṣi assignment varies by anukramaṇī tradition.

Devata: Sūrya (Āditya) as regulator of time and revealer (cakṣus).

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (predominant in this section).

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From cosmic fixing to calm assurance; ends in lucid visibility.","listener_experience":"Steadying, clarifying, ‘nothing to hide’ mood.","intensity":4}