Mantra 20

Sukta 5

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

ओषधयो भूतभव्यमहोरात्रे वनस्पतिः । संवत्सरः सहर्तुभिस्ते जाता ब्रह्मचारिणः

IAST Transliteration

óṣadhayo bhūtá-bhavyám ahorātré vanaspátiḥ | saṃvatsaráḥ sahá ṛtúbhis té jātā́ brahmacā́riṇaḥ ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

The Herbs, what hath been and what shall be, Day-and-Night, and Forest’s Lord; the Year with Seasons in his train—these all are born of the vowed Student.

Word by Word

• ओषधयः: herbs, medicinal plants
• ओषधयः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओषधि- (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूत: past (what has been)
• भूत: विशेषण (कर्मधारय-पूर्वपद)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: भू (धातु) → भूत (कृदन्त/भूतकालिक कृदन्त, PPP)

• भव्यम्: future (what will be)
• भव्यम्: विशेषण (कर्मधारय-पूर्वपद)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: भू (धातु) → भव्यम् (भव्य- प्रातिपदिक; भविष्यत्-अर्थे)

• अहोरात्रे: in day-and-night; in the cycle of day and night
• अहोरात्रे: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun (dual compound)
• Root: अहोरात्र- (समास: अहस् + रात्रि)

• वनस्पतिः: the lord of the forest; tree/plant (as a class)
• वनस्पतिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: वनस्पति- (प्रातिपदिक)

• संवत्सरः: the year
• संवत्सरः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर- (प्रातिपदिक)

• सह: together with
• सह: सहकारक/सम्बन्ध (सहयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)

• ऋतुभिः: with the seasons
• ऋतुभिः: करण (सहयोग-तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतु- (प्रातिपदिक)

• ते: they
• ते: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• जाताः: born; arisen
• जाताः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective/Participle
• Root: जन् (धातु) → जात (कृदन्त/भूतकालिक कृदन्त, PPP)

• ब्रह्मचारिणः: brahmacārins; students observing sacred discipline
• ब्रह्मचारिणः: कर्तृ (समानााधिकरणम् ‘ते जाताः’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मचारिन्- (प्रातिपदिक; समास: ब्रह्म + चारिन्)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (AV 11.5 brahmacarya cycle)

Devata: Brahmacārin/Brahmacarya as cosmic generator; also Oṣadhis/Vanaspati as invoked powers

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"Wonder at cosmic generation → calm assurance that remedies and time are grounded in sacred discipline.","listener_experience":"Awe that the vowed life ‘gives birth’ to nature’s healing order; steady trust in regimen.","intensity":5}