Mantra 1

Sukta 16

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

शत्रुबाधनम्। येऽमावास्यां३ रात्रिमुदस्थुर्व्राजमत्त्रिणः । अग्निस्तुरीयो यातुहा सो अस्मभ्यमधि ब्रवत्

IAST Transliteration

śatrubā́dhanam | yé ’māvāsyā́m rā́trim úd asthúr vrā́jam attríṇaḥ | agníḥ turī́yo yātuhā́ só asmábhyam ádhi bravat |

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Enemy-crushing. Whoso on the new-moon night have risen up—devourers—against the cattle-fold: Agni, the Fourth, the slayer of sorcery, he hath spoken his decree over us.

Word by Word

• शत्रु-बाधनम्: ‘enemy-subduing (charm/act)’
• शत्रु-बाधनम्: — (शीर्षक/उपोद्घात)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक) + बाधन (प्रातिपदिक; √बाध् ‘पीडने’ से) अथवा बाधन (कृदन्त/भाववाचक)

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अमावास्याम्: on the new-moon night
• अमावास्याम्: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमावास्या (प्रातिपदिक)

• रात्रिम्: the night
• रात्रिम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)

• उदस्थुः: rose up / set out
• उदस्थुः: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √स्था (तिष्ठति) + उद्- (उपसर्ग)

• व्राजम्: to the cattle-pen / enclosure
• व्राजम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्राज (प्रातिपदिक)

• अत्त्रिणः: devourers; (demonic) eaters
• अत्त्रिणः: कर्तृ (ये … अत्त्रिणः—सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्त्रि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘भक्षक/राक्षस’—√अद् ‘भक्षणे’ से)

• अग्निः: Agni (fire)
• अग्निः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• तुरीयः: as the fourth (one)
• तुरीयः: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुरीय (प्रातिपदिक)

• यातुहा: slayer of sorcery / sorcery-killer
• यातुहा: कर्तृ (विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: यातुहा (प्रातिपदिक; यातु + हा ‘हननकर्ता’—√हन् ‘हिंसागत्योः’ से)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्मभ्यम्: to us
• अस्मभ्यम्: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अधि: over; concerning; in addition (as preverb)
• अधि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अधि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• ब्रवत्: said / spoke
• ब्रवत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ब्रू (ब्रवीति ‘वचने’)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (seer not specified in the provided excerpt; commonly transmitted as Atharvan/Āṅgirasa in this protective genre)

Devata: Agni (as yātuhā, counter-sorcery fire)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (probable; requires pada-count verification against the pada text in a critical edition)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"bhayankara","emotional_arc":"From threat at dark limen to assertive protection by Agni’s decree.","listener_experience":"A watchful, guarded confidence; sense of being covered by a higher authority.","intensity":6}