Verse 40

Brahmavidya

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

सकले सकलो भावो निष्कले निष्कलस्तथा । एकमात्रो द्विमात्रश्च त्रिमात्रश्चैव भेदतः ॥ अर्धमात्रा परा ज्ञेया तत ऊर्ध्वं परात्परम् । पञ्चधा पञ्चदैवत्यं सकलं परिपठ्यते ॥३९-४०॥

Padapatha (Word Split)

सकले । सकलः । भावः । निष्कले । निष्कलः । तथा । एक-मात्रः । द्वि-मात्रः । च । त्रि-मात्रः । च । एव । भेदतः । अर्ध-मात्रा । परा । ज्ञेया । ततः । ऊर्ध्वम् । परात्-परम् । पञ्चधा । पञ्च-दैवत्यम् । सकलम् । परिपठ्यते ॥३९-४०॥

IAST Transliteration

sakale sakalo bhāvo niṣkale niṣkalas tathā | eka-mātro dvi-mātraś ca tri-mātraś caiva bhedataḥ || ardha-mātrā parā jñeyā tata ūrdhvaṃ parātparam | pañcadhā pañca-daivatyaṃ sakalaṃ paripaṭhyate ||39–40||

Translation

Dalam yang berbagian (sakala) ada keadaan yang berbagian; dalam yang tanpa bagian (niṣkala) demikian pula keadaan tanpa bagian. Menurut pembedaan ada satu-mātrā, dua-mātrā, dan tiga-mātrā. Setengah-mātrā hendaknya diketahui sebagai Yang Tertinggi (Parā); di atas itu ada Yang Melampaui Yang Tertinggi. Dalam lima cara, sakala yang berketuhanan lima dilantunkan.

Academic Translation

In the with-parts (sakala) there is the with-parts state; in the partless (niṣkala) likewise the partless. By distinction there are the one-mora, the two-mora, and the three-mora. The half-mora is to be known as the Supreme; above that is the Supreme beyond the supreme. In fivefold manner, the with-parts—having five deities—is recited.

Verse Context

• Oṃkāra-vicāra (mātrā analysis), turīya/ardha-mātrā, transcendence from manifest to the beyond
• Mahavakya: Resonates with ‘अयम् आत्मा ब्रह्म’ (Ayam ātmā brahma): the ‘half-mātrā’/silence points to the Self as Brahman beyond the measured states.
• Atharva
• Chandas: Mixed śloka style; predominantly Anuṣṭubh with extended pādas (later metrical composition)