तदधो नरकाः कोट्यो द्विकोट्योऽग्निस्ततो महान् । चत्वारिंशत्सहस्रैश्च तदधस्तम उच्यते
tadadho narakāḥ koṭyo dvikoṭyo'gnistato mahān | catvāriṃśatsahasraiśca tadadhastama ucyate
Di bawah itu ada berjuta-juta (krores) neraka; di bawahnya lagi ada api besar berukuran dua krore. Dan lebih bawah lagi, empat puluh ribu tingkat, itulah yang disebut ‘Tamas’ (kegelapan).
Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta) to the sages (deduced)
Listener: Bhārata (addressed)
Scene: A vertical cosmological cutaway: above, faint earth; below, stacked strata—countless hells, then a vast blazing fire, then an abyssal region labeled Tamas, rendered as near-total darkness with only ember-glow at the boundary.
The layered depiction of suffering and darkness emphasizes the seriousness of adharma and the need for righteous, śāstra-guided life.
None; this is cosmological narration in a naraka context.
None in this verse.