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Shloka 79

Sadācāra–Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Prātaḥkṛtya

Right Conduct, Social Typologies, and Morning Purification

परेषां च तथा दोषं न प्रशंसेद्विचक्षणः । विशेषेण तथा ब्रह्मञ्छ्रुतं दृष्टं च नो वदेत्

pareṣāṃ ca tathā doṣaṃ na praśaṃsedvicakṣaṇaḥ | viśeṣeṇa tathā brahmañchrutaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ ca no vadet

Orang bijaksana tidak patut bersenang pada cela orang lain, apalagi menyebarkannya. Terutama, wahai Brahmana, jangan mengucapkan apa yang hanya didengar atau bahkan dilihat bila itu hanya menambah cela.

परेषाम्of others
परेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
and
:
समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: thus/likewise)
दोषम्fault
दोषम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootदोष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
not
:
निषेध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)
प्रशंसेत्should praise/speak approvingly
प्रशंसेत्:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + शंस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
विचक्षणःa discerning person
विचक्षणः:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootविचक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
विशेषेणespecially
विशेषेण:
क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतृतीया-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययीभूत (instrumental used adverbially: ‘especially’)
तथाthus/also
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb)
ब्रह्मन्Brahman / sacred knowledge
ब्रह्मन्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (सम्बोधनार्थेऽपि रूपसाम्यं)
श्रुतम्heard
श्रुतम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रु (धातु) → श्रुत (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
दृष्टम्seen
दृष्टम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootदृश् (धातु) → दृष्ट (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
and
:
समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
नःnot
नः:
निषेध (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनः (अव्यय/सर्वनाम)
Formनिपात/सर्वनाम-प्रयोगः; अत्र ‘न’ इत्यस्य छन्दसि रूपम् (prohibitive ‘not’)
वदेत्should say/speak
वदेत्:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Jyotirlinga: Viśvanātha

Sthala Purana: Ethics of speech in Kāśī’s dharma teaching: refraining from fault-finding and rumor preserves inner purity, making the mind fit for Śiva’s grace (anugraha).

Significance: Supports sāttvika speech and compassion; reduces interpersonal karma and mental agitation, aiding japa/dhyāna in the sacred kṣetra.

Role: teaching

FAQs

It teaches that a Shiva-bhakta purifies karma and mind by refusing to spread others’ defects; restraint in speech supports inner śuddhi (purity), which is essential for grace (anugraha) and liberation in Shaiva thought.

Linga-worship emphasizes inner purity along with outer ritual; avoiding slander and gossip is a direct form of mental worship (mānasa-pūjā), aligning the devotee with Shiva’s sattvic, compassionate nature.

Practice vāṅ-niyama (discipline of speech) during japa of the Panchakshara mantra—silence where possible, speaking only what is true and beneficial—especially on Mahashivratri or during daily Shiva-puja.