Shloka 2

यममार्गे सुखदायकधर्माः

Dharmas that Grant Ease on the Path to Yama

Devanagari script

सनत्कुमार उवाच । अवश्यं हि कृतं कर्म भोक्तव्यमविचारतः । शुभाशुभमथो वक्ष्ये तान्धर्म्मान्सुखदायकान्

Transliteration

sanatkumāra uvāca | avaśyaṃ hi kṛtaṃ karma bhoktavyamavicārataḥ | śubhāśubhamatho vakṣye tāndharmmānsukhadāyakān

Translation

Sanatkumāra berkata: Perbuatan yang telah dilakukan pasti harus dialami buahnya, tanpa pengecualian. Kini akan kujelaskan dharma terkait perbuatan baik dan buruk—laku yang memberi kesejahteraan.

Word by Word

• सनत्कुमारः: Sanatkumāra
• सनत्कुमारः: Karta (कर्ता/speaker)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sanat + kumāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (proper name); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• अवश्यम्: necessarily
• अवश्यम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: avaśya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाववत् क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial accusative) — ‘necessarily’

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ-निपात (particle: indeed/for)

• कृतम्: done, performed
• कृतम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (कृ धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त, क्त (past passive participle) ‘done’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (here adjectival to ‘karma’)

• कर्म: action, deed
• कर्म: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: karman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• भोक्तव्यम्: must be experienced (its result)
• भोक्तव्यम्: Karma (कर्म/predicate necessity)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhuj (भुज् धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त, तव्यत्-प्रत्यय (gerundive) ‘to be experienced/enjoyed’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (predicate)

• अविचारतः: without deliberation
• अविचारतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: a-vicāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय, तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) — ‘without consideration’; from अविचार (lack of deliberation) + तः

• शुभाशुभम्: good and bad (acts/results)
• शुभाशुभम्: Karma (कर्म/object of ‘vakṣye’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śubha + aśubha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (Dvandva) ‘शुभ + अशुभ’; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• अथ: now, then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनन्तरार्थक-निपात (then/now)

• वक्ष्ये: I shall tell
• वक्ष्ये: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (वच् धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Simple Future), आत्मनेपद, उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन

• तान्: those
• तान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण to ‘dharmān’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (pronoun used adjectivally)

• धर्मान्: duties, dharmas
• धर्मान्: Karma (कर्म/object of ‘vakṣye’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• सुखदायकान्: bestowing happiness
• सुखदायकान्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sukha + dāyaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास ‘सुखं ददाति’ (upapada/agentive); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (agreeing with ‘dharmān’)

Speaker

Sanatkumara

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Characters & Entities

• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It affirms the Shaiva Siddhanta view that karma yields unavoidable fruits, and prepares the listener for dharmic disciplines that purify action and orient the soul (paśu) toward Shiva (Pati) and liberation.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

By stressing accountable action, it implies that Linga-worship and devotion to Saguna Shiva are not merely symbolic—they are dharmic means to transform karma, cultivate purity, and reduce bondage (pāśa) through right conduct and worship.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

The verse points generally to adopting dharma that brings well-being; in Shaiva practice this is supported by daily Shiva-puja (Linga-abhiṣeka), japa of the Pañcākṣarī “Om Namaḥ Śivāya,” and living in sattvic discipline to purify karma.