Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 4

भक्तिभेदाः—ज्ञानप्रधानभक्तेः प्रशंसा

Grades of Devotees and the Praise of Knowledge-Centered Devotion

Devanagari script

चतुर्विधा भजंते मां जनाः सुकृतिनस्सदा । उत्तरोत्तरतः श्रेष्ठास्तेषां दक्षप्रजापते

Transliteration

caturvidhā bhajaṃte māṃ janāḥ sukṛtinassadā | uttarottarataḥ śreṣṭhāsteṣāṃ dakṣaprajāpate

Translation

Wahai Dakṣa Prajāpati, orang-orang berbudi dan beramal saleh senantiasa memuja-Ku dalam empat cara; dan di antara keempatnya, tiap cara yang berikutnya lebih utama daripada yang sebelumnya.

Word by Word

• चतुर्विधाः: fourfold (of four kinds)
• चतुर्विधाः: कर्तृ (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifier)

• भजन्ते: worship/serve
• भजन्ते: क्रिया (Kriyā/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भज् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपदम्

• माम्: me
• माम्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: कर्तृ (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• सुकृतिनः: virtuous/meritorious
• सुकृतिनः: कर्तृ (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुकृतिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; विशेषणम्

• सदा: always
• सदा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययम्; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb)

• उत्तर-उत्तरतः: successively higher; increasingly
• उत्तर-उत्तरतः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत्तर + उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb: 'from/than, progressively')

• श्रेष्ठाः: best/superior
• श्रेष्ठाः: कर्तृ (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; विशेषणम्

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• दक्ष-प्रजापते: O Dakṣa Prajāpati
• दक्ष-प्रजापते: सम्बोधन (Address/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्ष + प्रजापति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/Vocative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (Dakṣa as qualifier of Prajāpati)

Speaker

Lord Shiva

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Īśāna

Shakti Dimension

Role: teaching

Ritual Elements

Offering: pushpa

Characters & Entities

• Shiva
• Daksha

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It teaches that devotion to Śiva is not uniform: sincere worship exists in graded forms, and spiritual maturity is marked by progressively purer intention and deeper surrender, culminating in higher proximity to Śiva (Pati) and liberation from bonds (pāśa).

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

By affirming “four ways” of worship, the verse supports structured Saguna upāsanā—such as Liṅga-pūjā with mantra and offerings—as an entry point, while indicating that inner devotion and knowledge-based worship become superior as the seeker advances.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Adopt steady daily Śiva-bhakti—Liṅga worship with the Pañcākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) and Rudrākṣa with japa—while refining the motive from worldly aims toward pure devotion and liberation.