Rig Veda 8.12.1: Mandala 8, Sukta 12, Mantra 1

Sukta 8.12

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Gayatri (likely; needs confirmation by metrical count)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

य इन्द्र सोमपातमो मदः शविष्ठ चेतति । येना हंसि न्यत्रिणं तमीमहे ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 8.12.1

Transliteration

yá índra soma-pā́tamo mádaḥ śaviṣṭha cétati | yéna haṃ́si ní atríṇaṃ tám īmahe ||

Translation

Wahai Indra, yang paling sempurna dalam meminum Soma—ekstasi itulah, wahai yang terkuat, yang menyalakan kesadaranmu; dan dengannya engkau menumbangkan serta menyingkirkan pemangsa cahaya: kuasa itulah yang kami mohon darimu.

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Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: (Address)
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• सोमपातमः: most Soma-drinking (best Soma-drinker)
• सोमपातमः: (Address; qualifier of इन्द्र)
• Type: Adjective (superlative epithet)
• Root: सोमपातम (प्रातिपदिक; सोम-पा ‘Soma-drinker’ + -तम superl.)

• मदः: the exhilaration/rapture (intoxication)
• मदः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)

• शविष्ठ: O most mighty
• शविष्ठ: (Address; qualifier of इन्द्र)
• Type: Adjective (superlative epithet)
• Root: शविष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक; superl. of शु/शव ‘strong, mighty’)

• चेतति: is perceived / becomes manifest / is aware
• चेतति: Kriyā (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चित् (धातु) ‘to perceive, be aware; to appear/shine’

• येन: by which (whereby)
• येन: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• हंसि: you slay
• हंसि: Kriyā (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु) ‘to strike, slay’

• निअत्रिणम्: the Atrin (hostile being), down/away
• निअत्रिणम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अत्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘devourer/demon; hostile being’

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• ईमहे: we worship/praise (indeed)
• ईमहे: Kriyā (predicate)
• Type: Verb (with particle)
• Root: ईम् (अव्यय ‘indeed/just’) + मह्/महि (धातु) ‘to honor, worship, praise’