Rig Veda 1.140.4: Mandala 1, Sukta 140, Mantra 4

Sukta 1.140

Rishi: Kaṇva lineage (traditional; verify)

Devata: Agni (and/or the steeds/energies he commands; hymn remains Agni-focused)

Chandas: Jagatī or Triṣṭubh (uncertain; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

मुमुक्ष्वो मनवे मानवस्यते रघुद्रुवः कृष्णसीतास ऊ जुवः । असमना अजिरासो रघुष्यदो वातजूता उप युज्यन्त आशवः ॥

Sanskrit recitationRig Veda 1.140.4

Transliteration

mumukṣvo manave mānavasyate raghu-druvaḥ kṛṣṇa-sītāsa ū juvaḥ | asamanā ajirāso raghu-syadaḥ vāta-jūtā upa yujyanta āśavaḥ ||

Translation

Lepaskanlah bagi Manu, bagi insan yang merindu: teguh namun cepat, berpelana/berkuk hitam, penuh dorongan. Tanpa tertahan, bergerak lekas, meluncur cepat, didorong angin—yang tangkas itu memasang kukunya di dekat, sebagai daya-daya yang siap menempuh perjalanan.

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Word by Word

• मुमुक्ष्वः: wishing to release / eager to set free
• मुमुक्ष्वः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुच् (धातु) → मुमुक्षु (इच्छार्थक/देशिदेरिव.)

• मनवे: for Manu / to the man
• मनवे: Sampradāna
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• मानवस्यते: acts for men / seeks the man (i.e., is devoted to mankind)
• मानवस्यते: (क्रियापद) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: मानवस्यति (धातु-प्रयोगः; denom. from मानव)

• रघुद्रुवः: swift and firm / quickly steadfast
• रघुद्रुवः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रघु-द्रुव (समास)

• कृष्णसीतासः: black-and-white / dark and bright (variegated)
• कृष्णसीतासः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण-सीता (समास)

• उ: indeed / and
• उ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उ (निपात)

• जुवः: swift / impetuous
• जुवः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जु (धातु) → जुव (नाम/विशेषण)

• असमनाः: not of one mind / discordant
• असमनाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-समनस् (न-समास; समनस् ‘like-minded/agreeing’)

• अजिरासः: quick / nimble
• अजिरासः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजिर (प्रातिपदिक)

• रघुष्यदः: swift-gliding / swiftly moving
• रघुष्यदः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रघु-ष्यद (समास; ष्यद < √सद्/स्यन्द्? वैदिक विशेषण)

• वातजूताḥ: wind-driven / impelled by the wind
• वातजूताḥ: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वात-जूत (समास; जूत ‘impelled’ < √जु/√जव्)

• उप: towards / near
• उप: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• युज्यन्ते: they yoke themselves / are yoked
• युज्यन्ते: (क्रियापद) —
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)

• आशवः: swift ones
• आशवः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आशु (प्रातिपदिक)