Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 61, Shloka 26

कुम्भकर्णदर्शनम्

The Appearance of Kumbhakarna and the Account of His Might

Devanagari script

विवृद्धःकाञ्चनोवृक्षःफलकालेनिकृत्यते ।न नप्तारंस्वकंन्यायंशप्तुमेवंप्रजापते ।।6.61.26।।

Transliteration

vivṛddhaḥ kāñcano vṛkṣaḥ phala-kāle nikṛtyate | na naptāraṁ svakaṁ nyāyaṁ śaptum evaṁ prajāpate ||

Translation

Pohon emas yang telah tumbuh besar tidak patut ditebang saat tiba masa berbuah. Wahai Prajapati, tidaklah adil mengutuk cicitmu sendiri demikian.

Word by Word

• विवृद्धः: fully grown
• विवृद्धः: कर्तृविशेषण (Agent-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-वृध् (धातु) → विवृद्ध (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त (Past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; वृक्षं विशेषयति

• काञ्चनः: golden
• काञ्चनः: कर्तृविशेषण (Agent-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काञ्चन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; वृक्षं विशेषयति

• वृक्षः: tree
• वृक्षः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• फल-काले: at fruiting time
• फल-काले: अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: फल (प्रातिपदिक) + काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: ‘at the time of fruiting’

• निकृत्यते: is cut down
• निकृत्यते: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-कृत् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोगः (Passive): ‘is cut down’

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• नप्तारम्: grandson/descendant
• नप्तारम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नप्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• स्वकम्: one's own
• स्वकम्: कर्मविशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; न्यायम् विशेषयति

• न्यायम्: justice/propriety
• न्यायम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: न्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• शप्तुम्: to curse
• शप्तुम्: प्रयोजन (Purpose)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शप् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन् (Infinitive), अव्ययभाव; ‘to curse’

• एवम्: thus
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय (manner adverb): ‘thus’

• प्रजापते: O Prajapati (Brahma)
• प्रजापते: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजापति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

Context

"Oh Brahma! Cutting a golden tree at the stage of fruiting is not fair. It is not proper for you to curse your great grandson in that way."

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• Brahmā (Prajāpati)
• Kumbhakarṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse raises a Dharma-question: should kinship soften punishment? The epic context suggests that justice for the world outweighs mere familial attachment.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa petitions Brahmā, arguing through an analogy that cursing Kumbhakarṇa (a descendant) is improper.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Persuasive speech (though self-interested): Rāvaṇa uses metaphor and appeals to propriety to influence a higher authority.