Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 41, Shloka 79

युद्धलक्षण-निमित्तदर्शनं तथा लङ्काद्वारव्यूहः

War Omens and the Encirclement of Lanka’s Gates

Devanagari script

अहत्वांराघवोरामःकौसल्यानन्दवर्धनः ।निष्पत्यप्रतियुध्यस्वनृशंस पुरुषोभव ।।6.41.79।।

Transliteration

āha tvāṁ rāghavo rāmaḥ kausalyānanda-vardhanaḥ | niṣpatya pratiyudhyasva nṛśaṁsa puruṣo bhava ||6.41.79||

Translation

Rama dari wangsa Raghu, yang menambah sukacita Kausalya, berkata kepadamu: keluarlah dan bertempurlah; wahai yang kejam, jadilah lelaki sejati.

Word by Word

• āha: said
• āha: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ah (अह् धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• tvām: to you
• tvām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• rāghavaḥ: Raghava
• rāghavaḥ: Kartr̥ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Kartr̥ (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; rāghavaḥ इत्यस्य समनाधिकरण

• kausalyānanda-vardhanaḥ: enhancer of Kausalya's joy
• kausalyānanda-vardhanaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kausalyā (कौसल्या प्रातिपदिक) + ānanda (आनन्द प्रातिपदिक) + vardhana (वर्धन प्रातिपदिक; vṛdh (वृध्) धातु)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: कौसल्यानन्दस्य वर्धनः); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; रामस्य विशेषण

• niṣpatya: having come out
• niṣpatya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nis-pat (निष्-पत् धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (Gerund), अर्थः—निष्पत्य (having sallied forth)

• pratiyudhyasva: fight back
• pratiyudhyasva: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: prati-yudh (प्रति-युध् धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• nṛśaṃsa: O cruel one
• nṛśaṃsa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nṛśaṃsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा (Vocative), एकवचन; विशेषण

• puruṣaḥ: a man
• puruṣaḥ: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानााधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (भव इत्यस्य कर्तृ-समनाधिकरण)

• bhava: be
• bhava: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

"Raghava, the enhancer of the happiness of Kausalya speaks to you. Ruthless Rakshasa! Sallying forth, get ready for combat."

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Kausalya
• Angada
• Ravana

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Kṣātra-dharma emphasizes open confrontation and responsibility for one’s actions. Rama calls Ravana to face battle directly rather than hide behind harm done to others.

What is the narrative situation?

Angada delivers Rama’s challenge to Ravana in Lanka’s court.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s insistence on honorable combat and accountability.