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Shloka 43

लङ्कानिरीक्षणं व्यूहविन्यासश्च

Survey of Lanka and Deployment of the Battle Formation

Devanagari script

नजानातिपुरावीर्यममयुद्धेसराघवः ।ममचापमयींवीणांशरकोणैःप्रवादिताम् ।।।।ज्याशब्दतुमुलांघोरामार्तभीतमहास्वनाम् ।नाराचतलसन्नादांतांममाहितवाहिनीम् ।।।।अवगाह्यमहारङ्गंवादयिष्याम्यहंरणे ।

Transliteration

na jānāti purā vīryaṃ mama yuddhe sa rāghavaḥ |

mama cāpamayīṃ vīṇāṃ śarakoṇaiḥ pravāditām ||

jyāśabdatumulāṃ ghorām ārtabhītamahāsvanām |

nārācatala-sannādāṃ tāṃ mamāhitavāhinīm ||

avagāhya mahāraṅgaṃ vādayiṣyāmy ahaṃ raṇe ||

Translation

“Rāghava itu belum pernah mengenal keperkasaanku dalam perang. Menembus barisan musuh, akan kupetik dalam pertempuran busurku yang laksana vīṇā—berbunyi oleh ujung-ujung anak panah—mengerikan dengan gemuruh tali busur, nyaring oleh jerit yang sengsara dan ketakutan, berdentang seperti benturan batang-batang besi; itulah pasukan apiku, dan akan kumainkan di medan laga.”

Word by Word
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
jānātiknows
jānāti:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, तृतीय-पुरुष, एकवचन
purāformerly
purā:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpurā (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
vīryamvalor
vīryam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
yuddhein war
yuddhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootyuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
rāghavaḥRāghava (Rāma)
rāghavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; apposition to saḥ
mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
cāpa-mayīmbow-made
cāpa-mayīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + maya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तद्धितान्त (मयट्) 'made of/consisting of bow'
vīṇāmvīṇā (lute)
vīṇām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvīṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन
śara-koṇaiḥwith arrow-points
śara-koṇaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśara (प्रातिपदिक) + koṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: शराणां कोणाः (arrow-points)
pravāditāmmade to resound
pravāditām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvad (धातु) + pra (उपसर्ग) + ṇic + kta
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; णिजन्त-कर्मणि क्त (causative PPP) = 'made to sound'
jyā-śabda-tumulāmtumultuous with bowstring-sound
jyā-śabda-tumulām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootjyā (प्रातिपदिक) + śabda (प्रातिपदिक) + tumula (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ज्यायाः शब्दः (bowstring-sound) + tumula (tumultuous)
ghorāmterrible
ghorām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootghora (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण
ārta-bhīta-mahāsvanāmloud with cries of the distressed and frightened
ārta-bhīta-mahāsvanām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootārta (प्रातिपदिक) + bhīta (कृदन्त; bhī (धातु)+kta) + mahāsvana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: आर्त-भीतानां महा-स्वनः यस्याः (having great sound of the distressed and frightened)
nārāca-tala-sannādāmresounding like the clang of nārāca-iron
nārāca-tala-sannādām:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootnārāca (प्रातिपदिक) + tala (प्रातिपदिक) + sannāda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: नाराच-तलस्य सन्नादः (clang of iron arrow-head/plate)
tāmthat (vīṇā)
tām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; refers to vīṇām
mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन
āhita-vāhinīmthat penetrates the host
āhita-vāhinīm:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootāhita (कृदन्त; dhā (धातु)+ā+kta) + vāhinī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: आहिता (प्रविष्टा/निहिता) वाḥ वाहीनी (army/host) यस्याः; here 'directed/entered into the host' (epithet of vīṇā metaphor)
avagāhyahaving plunged into
avagāhya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootava-gāh (धातु) + lyap
Formल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय-भाव (gerund) = 'having plunged/entered'
mahāraṅgamthe great arena
mahāraṅgam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + raṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: महान् रङ्गः (great arena/stage)
vādayiṣyāmiI will play (make resound)
vādayiṣyāmi:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvad (धातु) + ṇic (causative)
Formलृट् (simple future), परस्मैपद, उत्तम-पुरुष, एकवचन; णिजन्त = 'I will cause to sound/play'
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
raṇein battle
raṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन
Context

The dove-eyed Sita is obstructed by Ravana there (at Lanka) like the planet Rohini is caught by the red coloured planet (Mars).

Characters & Entities
R
Rāvaṇa
R
Rāma (Rāghava)
B
Bow (cāpa)
A
Arrows (śara/nārāca)
V
Vīṇā (metaphor)

FAQs

The verse illustrates how Adharma aestheticizes violence—turning warfare into ‘music’—whereas Dharma treats force as a last resort governed by restraint and truth.

Rāvaṇa imagines his entry into battle, boasting that his bow and arrows will create a terrifying din and overwhelm the opposing host.

Negatively, it emphasizes Rāvaṇa’s vainglory and delight in intimidation; by contrast, it sets the stage for Rāma’s disciplined, dharmic warfare.

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