Shloka 18

ऐन्द्ररथप्रदानम्

Indra’s Chariot Offered to Rāma; The Duel Intensifies

Devanagari script

इत्युक्तःसम्परिक्रम्यरथंतमभिवाद्य च ।आरुरोहतदारामोलोकान् लक्ष्मविराजयन् ।।।।

Transliteration

ity uktaḥ samparikramya rathaṃ tam abhivādya ca |

āruroha tadā rāmo lokān lakṣmāvirājayan ||

Translation

Mendengar demikian, Rāma mengitari kereta itu dan memberi penghormatan; lalu beliau naik, membuat segenap dunia bercahaya oleh kemuliaan sucinya.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: इत्यादि-समाप्तिबोधक अव्यय (quotative/thus)

• उक्तः: having been spoken to
• उक्तः: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उक्त (कृदन्त; √वच् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त = ‘having been addressed/spoken to’ (passive sense)

• सम्परिक्रम्य: having gone around
• सम्परिक्रम्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Converb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-परि-√क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund): ‘having circumambulated’

• रथम्: the chariot
• रथम्: कर्म (Object of samparikramya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तम्: him (Mātali)
• तम्: कर्म (Object of abhivādya)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• अभिवाद्य: having saluted
• अभिवाद्य: क्रियाविशेषण (Converb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-√वद् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund): ‘having saluted’

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• आरुरोह: mounted, ascended
• आरुरोह: क्रिया (Kriyā/Finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-√रुह् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• तदा: then
• तदा: अधिकरण (Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• रामः: Rāma
• रामः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• लोकान्: the worlds/people
• लोकान्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• लक्ष्मा: with splendour
• लक्ष्मा: करण (Instrument/Means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental), एकवचन; ‘with splendour’ (poetic form लक्ष्मा for लक्ष्म्या)

• विराजयन्: illuminating, making resplendent
• विराजयन्: विशेषण (Participial qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-√राज् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; रामः इत्यस्य विशेषण

Context

Speaking like that, Matali went round Sri Rama, and went round the chariot clockwise saluting him. Sri Rama then ascended the chariot, illuminating his splendour to the world.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Mātali (implied by prior verse)
• worlds (lokāḥ)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Reverence and restraint even amid war: Rāma honors what is sacred and given in trust, showing that dharma is maintained through respectful conduct (maryādā) alongside martial duty.

What is the narrative situation?

After Mātali’s message and offerings, Rāma respectfully circumambulates and salutes the divine chariot, then mounts it to proceed in battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śaucam and maryādā (purity and propriety): Rāma’s reverential actions show inner discipline and alignment with satya.