Shloka 1

Devanagari script

ततः कृतोदकं स्नातं तं गृध्रं हरियूथपाः।उपविष्टा गिरौ रम्ये परिवार्य समन्ततः।।4.60.1।।

Transliteration

tataḥ kṛtodakaṃ snātaṃ taṃ gṛdhraṃ hariyūthapāḥ | upaviṣṭā girau ramye parivārya samantataḥ || 4.60.1 ||

Translation

Kemudian para pemimpin kera, setelah mandi suci dan mempersembahkan arghya (persembahan air), duduk di gunung yang indah, mengelilingi burung nasar itu dari segala arah.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereafter
• ततः: सम्बन्ध (Temporal adverb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb)

• कृतोदकम्: having offered water (libations)
• कृतोदकम्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुषः (कृतम् उदकम् यस्य = having performed water-offering); कृत = क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP)

• स्नातम्: bathed
• स्नातम्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्ना (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘bathed’ (qualifying ‘tam gṛdhram’)

• तम्: that
• तम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन

• गृध्रम्: vulture (Sampāti)
• गृध्रम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृध्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• हरियूथपाः: monkey troop-leaders
• हरियूथपाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हरि + यूथप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (हरीणां यूथपाः = leaders of monkeys)

• उपविष्टाः: sat down
• उपविष्टाः: क्रिया (Kriyā; participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-विश् (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; क्त-प्रत्यय (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘sat down’

• गिरौ: on the mountain
• गिरौ: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन

• रम्ये: pleasant
• रम्ये: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: रम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘delightful’ qualifying ‘girau’

• परिवार्य: having surrounded
• परिवार्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Pūrvakāla-kriyā/Absolutive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√वृ (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त; ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), ‘having surrounded’

• समन्ततः: on all sides
• समन्ततः: सम्बन्ध (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: on all sides)

Context

Sampati bathed and offered libations to Jatayu. Then all the monkeys sat round him on the beautiful mountain.

Characters & Entities

• Sampati
• Mountain (giri)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as proper conduct and respect: bathing and offering water signifies ritual responsibility and honoring bonds, even amid urgent missions.

What is the narrative situation?

The monkeys gather around Sampāti on a mountain after performing bathing and water rites, preparing to hear and plan further.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Discipline and reverence—maintaining righteous customs while pursuing a righteous goal.