Shloka 23

किष्किन्धाप्रवेशः—लक्ष्मणस्य कोपः, तारासान्त्वम्, सुग्रीवदर्शनम्

Lakshmana Enters Kishkindha: Anger, Tara’s Mediation, and Sugriva Encountered

Devanagari script

दृष्ट्वाऽभिजनसम्पन्नाश्चित्रमाल्यकृतस्रजः।फलमाल्यकृतव्यग्रा भूषणोत्तमभूषिताः।।।।नातृप्तान्नापि चाव्यग्रान्नानुदात्तपरिच्छदान्।सुग्रीवानुचरांश्चापि लक्षयामास लक्ष्मणः।।।।

Transliteration

dṛṣṭvā ’bhijanasampannāś citramālyakṛtasrajaḥ |

phalamālyakṛtavyagrā bhūṣaṇottamabhūṣitāḥ ||

Translation

Ia melihat perempuan-perempuan berdarah mulia, mengenakan rangkaian bunga berwarna-warni; sibuk menata buah-buahan dan untaian bunga, serta berhias dengan perhiasan yang paling utama.

Word by Word

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वान्त), 'having seen'

• abhijana-sampannān: of noble birth
• abhijana-sampannān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: abhijana (प्रातिपदिक) + sampanna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन), qualifying 'anucarān'

• citra-mālya-kṛta-srajaḥ: wearing garlands made of variegated flowers
• citra-mālya-kṛta-srajaḥ: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: citra (प्रातिपदिक) + mālya (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + sraj (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन), qualifying 'anucarān'; sraj- stem shows Acc. pl. form 'srajaḥ' in compound usage

• phala-mālya-kṛta-vyagrān: busy arranging fruits and garlands
• phala-mālya-kṛta-vyagrān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: phala (प्रातिपदिक) + mālya (प्रातिपदिक) + kṛta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + vyagra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन), qualifying 'anucarān'

• bhūṣaṇa-uttama-bhūṣitān: adorned with excellent ornaments
• bhūṣaṇa-uttama-bhūṣitān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhūṣaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक) + bhūṣita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन), qualifying 'anucarān'

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध निपात)

• atṛptān: unsatisfied
• atṛptān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- + tṛpta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) with negation; Masculine Accusative Plural, qualifying 'anucarān'

• na: nor
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), 'also/even' (here in correlative 'na...api')

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• avyagrān: unhurried/not busy
• avyagrān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a- + vyagra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine Accusative Plural, qualifying 'anucarān'

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• anudātta-paricchadān: with humble/quiet attire (not meanly dressed)
• anudātta-paricchadān: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anudātta (प्रातिपदिक) + paricchada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Masculine Accusative Plural, qualifying 'anucarān'

• sugrīva-anucarān: attendants of Sugrīva
• sugrīva-anucarān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sugrīva (प्रातिपदिक) + anucara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) noun; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), 'also'

• lakṣayāmāsa: noticed/observed
• lakṣayāmāsa: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: lakṣ (धातु)
• Form: Periphrastic perfect (लिट्-परस्मैपद, आमास-योग), 3rd person Singular

• lakṣmaṇaḥ: Lakṣmaṇa
• lakṣmaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन)

Context

Lakshmana saw women with a good lineage adorned with colourful flower garlands and choicest ornaments engaged in making garlands and arranging fruits. He also saw at Sugriva's palace attendants, gentle, well-dressed, contented and not too busy.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Mālya (garlands)
• Phala (fruits)
• Bhūṣaṇa (ornaments)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is implied through contrast: refined pleasure and ornamentation are shown, setting the stage for questioning whether duty to allies is being honored.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa witnesses palace attendants engaged in festive preparations—garlands, fruits, and adornment.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Keen observation in service of truth (satya): Lakṣmaṇa notes the signs of leisure that explain Rāma’s grievance.